ROME Chapter 6, Section 1
KWL Time!!
Heard these??? “When in Rome, do as the Romans.” Sometimes people will just say, “When in Rome!” “Rome was not built in a day.” “All roads lead to Rome.”
Romulus and Remus
Raised by Wolves Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus
Myths and Legends - The Founding of Rome - YouTube Myths and Legends - The Founding of Rome - YouTube
Rome’s Founding 753 BCE By the Latins-Indo-European tribe- 1000s BCE
Map It!!! Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Ionian Sea Alps Rome Sicily Milan Naples Venice Florence Apennine Mountains Mt. Vesuvius Pompeii Tiber River Po River Arno River Carthage (in Africa!)
How did geography help? Look at Italy on page 162
Latin Kings Beginning-Latin kings ruled 616 BCE- Etruscans enter
Etruscans Heavily influenced by the Greeks! Called themselves the Rasenna, the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi; the Romans called them the Etruscans. Let’s look at their influence on Rome!
Etruscans prt 1 - YouTube Etruscans prt 1 - YouTube
Etruscans
Activity Time!!! See page 164 6 groups
You will have a vocab and map quiz Friday.
Homework Due Wednesday, create a map of Italy Mark each location on your list. Due Tuesday, read second half of section 1. Pages and MAKE NOTES on what you read.
Outline I. Etruscans-finish activity II. Rome Becomes a Republic A. Founding of Republic B. Structure of Govt 1. Patricians 2. Plebeians 3. Checks and Balances III. Republic Expands A. Military Might 1. Organization of army a. legion b. maniple
c. centuries -centurions d. standard bearers e. legionary f. training g. auxiliaries B. Conquest of Italy C. Sicily 1. Carthage a. Punic Wars -Hannibal -Scipio D. Greece
Get in groups of two Go over your notes that you created…compare what you have....but stop at page 167 “The Republic Expands”
Rome becomes a Republic 509 BCE-Romans are fed up!!! They start a republic!!! What the heck is that????
Patricians and Plebeians Patricians-who were they?? aristocratic families-controlled everything w/ a patronage system
Patricians and Plebeians Plebeians-who were they?? Common people But they did have some power!
Plebeians Who made up the army??? Example-494 BCE-see page 165
Plebeian Council Their own assembly! What was its job?? See page 165 How did the plebeians guarantee their rights???-pg 165
Twelve Tables 450 BCE Twelve Tables displayed in the Roman Forum What’s the Roman Forum?
Why does it matter…. If the laws were displayed???
12 Tables Let’s look on page 165 at some of the laws. What one law attempted to preserve the patricians’ special status????
Congratulations! It’s a republic!! Republican Government ….let’s see what that is
Republican Government Constitution 3 parts: 1. Senate 2. Popular Assemblies 3. Magistrates Let’s explain these…..see page 166
Graphic Organizer With your partner, create a graphic organizer in your notes of the Roman government.
The Roman Forum
What did they do at the Forum?
It wasn’t all about the city! What did your reading say was the most noble work??? Illustrated in the story of Cincinnatus….. What happened in that story??
With your partner, go over your notes from pages ….compare.
The Republic Expands THE ROMAN ARMY-MILITARY MIGHT! Let’s look at the Roman army!
How was the Roman Army organised? Main part of the army was the LEGION Made up of 5000 men under the command of the LEGATE
The Roman Military Machine - YouTube The Roman Military Machine - YouTube
Maniple Roman military formation
Organization of Roman Army The legion divided into ten cohorts Each cohort was made up of six centuries The centuries were commanded by a centurion Centuries originally had 100 men
Organization of Roman Army Centurions were very important men responsible for training the soldiers under their command and making sure everyone obeyed orders.
Standard Bearers Each century had its own emblem or standard, carried by the standard bearer-an experienced & trusted soldier. Losing standard=a disgrace
How to become a Legionary! You had to be: a Roman citizen under 45 physically fit and 1.6m tall (5.3 feet) You had to: stay in the army for 25 years
Training Most soldiers joined between years old three 30km marches each month (approx 18 miles), carry 25 kilos of equipment (approx 60 lbs)
Who else was in the Army? Auxiliaries- soldiers from lands conquered by the Romans who volunteered to fight in Roman army many of these had special skills- like cavalry soldiers
Auxiliaries Archers (in addition to cavalry) Most fought with a sword & short spear Thought of by Romans as second class soldiers, paid less and not trained as hard After 25 years they became citizens (and their children too!)
Conquest of Italy Rome imposed few conditions on its subjects Was this a good idea??? People had to provide troops to the Roman army So once Italy was conquered, Rome turned its attention to Sicily…….
Sicily
Cause of Punic Wars Understanding cause and effect! Let’s look at the Punic Wars
Punic Wars Fought between Carthage (where is it??) and Rome BCE A series of three wars
First Punic War Fought mainly on the seas Carthage’s superior navy defeated Rome early Effect: What do you think the Romans did after the defeat? So who won first war? Rome won control of Sicily!
Second Punic War Say hello to Hannibal
Second Punic War 218 BCE Hannibal leads army & war elephants across the Pyrenees & the Alps to invade Italy
Hannibal Brilliant general Had many victories Gave Rome its worst defeat ever suffered-50,000 killed in one battle- Battle of Cannae Second Punic War - YouTube Second Punic War - YouTube What could Rome do????
Meet Publius Cornelius Scipio (Skipio) While Hannibal was in northern Italy, Scipio attacked Carthage itself What did Hannibal do???
202 BCE, Scipio routed Hannibal’s forces, ending the 2 nd Punic War Effects: Rome became the leading power of the western mediterranean And gained control of Spain
Scipio received the name Africanus after routing Carthage
Final Punic War Losses of 2 nd Punic War “Carthage must be destroyed.” BCE - 3 rd Punic War Carthagenians enslaved and city destroyed-no one could live there
Greece was next See page 169
Homework Read pages Take notes on what you read