Transformational Leadership Approach AGED 3153

Be gentle and you can be bold; be frugal and you can be liberal; avoid putting yourself before others and you can become a leader among men. ~ Lao Tzu

Overview Transformational leadership approach perspective A model of TL TL factors Full range of leadership model Additive effects of TL Other transformational leadership perspectives How does the transformational approach work?

Transactional vs. Transforming Burns Occurs when one person takes the initiative in making contact with others for the purpose of an exchange of valued things Occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality

Pseudotransformational Personalized leadership Describes leaders who are transforming, but in negative ways Leaders who are self-consumed Exploitive Power oriented Warped moral values Examples: Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Jim Jones

Transformational Leadership Approach Description “New leadership” paradigm – 1980s Treats followers as complete human beings assessment of motives satisfying their needs Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations often incorporates charismatic and visionary leadership

Transformational Leadership Approach Description emotions values ethics standards long-term goals Leader plays pivotal role in precipitating change Followers and leaders are bound in the process

Types of Leadership Defined Burns (1978) Attempted to link roles of leadership and followership Two types of leadership Transformational

Charisma Weber - 1947 Charisma House - 1976 personality characteristic gives superhuman/ exceptional powers reserved for a few is of divine origin person treated as a leader Followers play role in validating charisma House - 1976 theory of charismatic leadership A special gift select individuals possess that gives them the capacity to do extraordinary things Unique personal & behavioral characteristics

Model of Transformational Leadership Bass (1985) Expanded and refined original version More attention to followers’ needs Motivates followers beyond the expected by: raising consciousness transcending self-interest addressing higher-level needs Incorporates seven factors

Corrective Transactions Leadership Factors Transformational Transactional Nonleadership Factor 1 Idealized Influence Charisma Factor 6 Mgmt. by Exception Active & Passive Corrective Transactions Factor 7 Laissez-Faire Nontransactional Factor 2 Inspirational Motivational Factor 5 Contingent Reward Constructive Transactions Factor 3 Intellectual Stimulation Factor 4 Individualized Consideration

Transformational Leadership Factors Individualized Influence Charisma Describes leaders who act as strong role models for followers Leader behaviors: increase moral/ ethical conduct standards “do the right thing” provide vision and sense of mission Inspirational Motivation Inspiration Describes leaders who communicate high expectations Leader behaviors: use symbols/ emotional appeals to focus group enhanced team spirit

Transformational Leadership Factors Intellectual Stimulation Describes leaders stimulate followers to be creative/ innovative Leader behaviors: challenge beliefs and values supports thinking on own careful problem solving Indiv. Consideration Describes leaders provide a supportive climate Leader behaviors: coaching & advising assist individuals in becoming self-actualized use delegation

Transformational Leaders Leaders who exhibit TL: have a strong set of values & ideals are effective in motivating followers to support greater good over self-interest

Transactional Leadership Factors Management by Exception involves corrective criticism, negative feedback, negative reinforcement Two forms watch followers closely identify mistakes/ rule violations intervenes only after standards have not been met or problems have arisen Contingent Reward exchange process Effort by followers is exchanged for specified rewards

Nonleadership Factor Laissez-Faire Refers to a leader who: The absence of leadership. hands-off, let-things-ride approach Refers to a leader who: abdicates responsibility delays decisions gives no feedback makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs

Full Range of Leadership Model Effective II IM IS IC CR Active Passive MBE LF Ineffective

Transactional Leadership Additive Effect of TL Transformational Leadership Individualized Influence Inspirational Motivation Intellectual Stimulation Individualized Consideration + + + Transactional Leadership Contingent Reward Performance Beyond Expectations + Expected Outcomes Management by Exception

Other Transformational Perspectives Bennis & Nanus (1985) Four Leader Transformation Strategies Clear vision of organization’s future state believable future Social architect of organization shape/form shared meetings Create trust in organization make position known and stand by it Creatively deploy themselves through positive self-regard know strengths & weaknesses and emphasizes strengths

Other Transformational Perspectives Kouzes and Posner Five fundamental practices Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart

How does the transformational leadership approach work?

Focus of TL Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and carry out significant changes in organizations Focus of Transformational Leaders empower and nurture followers stimulate change by becoming strong role models for followers create a vision act as change agents are social architects

What are the strengths of transformational leadership?

What are the weaknesses of transformational leadership?

How do we apply transformational leadership?

Summary Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and carry out significant changes in organizations Focus of Transformational Leaders empower and nurture followers stimulate change by becoming strong role models for followers create a vision act as change agents are social architects

Summary Two types of leadership Transactional Transformational Treats followers as complete human beings Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations often incorporates charismatic and visionary leadership

Summary Motivates followers beyond the expected by: raising consciousness transcending self-interest addressing higher-level needs