1. The Magic of Leadership
Charisma and its Redress

2. Orientation
Charismatic Leadership and the uniqueness of the special leader
Examine maps of the New Leadership Pioneers
Transformational and transactional leadership
Dilemma of the ego driven transformational leader
Empowerment and the alignment between organizational and individual goals
Shift of focus to upper-level leadership

3. The Dilemma of Charisma
Think about the following questions
What does being charismatic mean to you?
Have you ever met a person whom you would describe as charismatic?
What qualities made this person so special?
Would you be happy with her/him as a leader of your organization? Why?
Do you believe you possess some of the qualities of a charismatic person?
Are there ways you can acquire charismatic qualities?

4. Robert House and Path-Goal Theory
Claim that way leader behaves with respect to goals and followers influences the leadership impact
Leadership effectiveness is shaped by situational circumstances
In line with contemporary theories at the time, focus on leader’s consideration of followers’ needs and the task structure
Emphasis is placed on structuring the psychological maps of the followers, using motivational approach developed through valence theory
Situations of ambiguity draw more on directional leadership and repetitive work contexts require more consideration and encouragement
Transactional nature of early work led House to reformulate theory to be more aligned with new leadership ideas

5. Bernard Bass & Full Range Leadership Model
Core assumptions of self-interest and personal development
Transactional leadership
transactional leaders respond to followers’ immediate self-interests
leader identifies with what followers want & helps them achieve level of performance that results in rewards that satisfy them
Transformational leadership
leaders influence workforces to go beyond simple self-interests
leader has ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve results greater than originally planned and for internal rewards

6. Bass’s Research on Transactional & Transformational Leadership
Idealized influence - charisma
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration
Transactional leadership
Contingent rewards & Constructive transactions
Management by exception
Laissez-faire leadership

7. Charisma & Transformational Leadership
Bass’s model examined using Multifactor leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)
Two similar and differentiable leadership styles?
Idealisation of leader
Inspirational content of leader’s words or vision
Together a measure of charismatic leadership style
Provides an expanded picture of leadership that includes the exchange of rewards & leader’s attention to growth of followers
Places a strong emphasis on followers’ needs, values, and morals - motivated to transcend self-interests for good of team
Best leaders are both transformational and transactional

8. Jay Conger and Empowerment
Appreciation of dilemmas associated with empowerment
Theoretical rationale based on social learning theory
Individuals feel empowered through experience of
Evidence that they are actually being successful
Recognition of progress, by words of encouragement
General emotional support
Powerful role models
Creative jolts to expectations
Jolt followers out of sense of negativity & behavioural impotence through act of leadership

9. Conger - Dark Side of Leadership
Conger warns of dangers associated with high-profile leadership practices
Looks at leaders first hailed as exemplary & later as misguided or morally suspect
Leader’s distort vision to meet egocentric ambitions
Leader develops sense of invulnerability & belief in ‘rightness’ of their vision
Failure of charismatic leader due to:
Commitment to vision – shift to single-minded obsessiveness
Authentic communication – with vision as extension of leader’s personality needs communication is les authentic
Style of charismatic leader – exclusion and stereo-typing

10. James McGregor Burns on Empowerment
Burns is pioneer of transformational leadership
Transforming nature of a leadership act understood through unexpected and individualistic action of individual
Leadership roles exist in web of relationships which offer insights into how values impact on leadership
The ethical dimension
Social values
Socially desired goals
Initiating acts trigger value-laden reactions by individuals acting out three roles
Dilemmas of empowerment
who empowers who?
To whose purpose?

11. Jim Collins on the Fifth Level Leader Beyond Charisma
Collins examined features of exceptional companies
From 1400 companies eleven chosen as showing sustained excellence. The strongest differentiating factor of these companies termed ‘level five leadership’
Level 1 – Individual‘s talent, knowledge, & skills are key contribution
Level 2 – Leadership as collaborative team efforts
Level 3 – Competent manager, effectively organizes towards predetermined goals
Level 4 – Effective leader, promoting commitment to compelling vision & high performance standards
Level 5 – Executive builds great companies, exercising of personal humility combined with assertiveness (willfullness)

12. Summary
Fundamental map - charismatic leadership & relationship with new leadership thinking
Transformational leadership contrasted with economic exchange models of transactional leadership
Exposes mechanisms through which leaders manage change
Bass presents each leaders as having elements across a range of leadership styles. Transformational leaders incorporate some transformational behaviours
Transformation maps imply leadership development is possible at all organizational levels
Acceptance of charismatic leader ignores the dilemma of the self-seeking and destructive leader who is ‘taken on trust’.