Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 Ministry of Rural Development Government of India PRC Meeting July 8, 2015

Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 Union Cabinet approved BPL Census along with Caste Census: May 2011 BPL Census in rural areas Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) BPL Census in Urban areas Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) Caste Census Ministry of Home Affairs :Registrar General of India (RGI) and Census Commissioner of India (Govt. assured in the Parliament) MoRD is the Nodal Ministry for the whole exercise Paperless Census; use of Tablet PC - first time in the world! Services of CPSUs utilised (BEL, ITI and ECIL) Defend 2

SECC 2011 – Objectives To enable ranking of households based on their socio economic status. To make available authentic information on caste wise population enumeration. To make available authentic information regarding the socio – economic condition and education of various castes and sections of population.

Information Collected in Rural Areas Information regarding : Occupation Education Disability Religion SC/ST Status Name of Caste/Tribe Employment Income and Source of Income Assets Housing Consumer Durables and Non-Durables Land

Data Charge Centers: Block/Tahsil Office (10,832 in India) RURAL & URBAN 25 Crore Households DATA Data Charge Centers: Block/Tahsil Office (10,832 in India) Enumerators Supervisors Charge Officers Draft list Draft Household Data Publication (R & U) Gram Sabha (GS) Claims & Objection Designated Officers & Appellate Officers GS Resolutions Final Household Data/Information Final data Decisions DEA/DEO/TPCs A B C Verifiers Socio Economic & Caste Census 2011 – Overall Flow Chart

SECC: Survey Completed Everywhere Districts Covered= 640 Enumeration Completed = 640 Verification Completed= 640 Draft List Published= 628 Final List Published= 299 Final List Published of States= 13 States/ UTs States Ready to Publish Final List= 21 States/UT COTs Invited & Resolved= 99.66% Draft List Awaited= 12 NCT Delhi= 9/9 Himachal Pradesh= 1/12 Maharashtra= 2/ 35 Final List in Public Domain

Ranking of Households on the Basis of Information – Not a Poverty Line Poverty is multi-dimensional. Information from households as basis for ranking. Three categories of households : 1. Automatically Excluded 2. Automatically Included 3. Ranking of households as per 7 Deprivation Indicators reflecting household’s well-being

Automatically Excluded Criteria 1. Motorized 2/3/4 wheeler/fishing boat; 2. Mechanized 3-4 wheeler agricultural equipment; 3. Kisan Credit Card - credit limit Rs. 50,000+ 4. Household member government employee; 5. Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with Government; 6. Any member of HH earning more than Rs. 10,000 per month;

Automatically Excluded - II 7. Paying Income Tax 8. Paying Professional Tax 9. Three or more rooms with pucca walls and roof. 10. Owns a refrigerator 11. Owns landline phone 12. Owns more than 2.5 acres of irrigated land with 1 irrigation equipment 13. Five acres or more of irrigated land for two or more crop seasons. 14. Owning at least 7.5 acres of land or more with at least one irrigation equipment.

Automatically Included 1. Households without shelter 2. Destitute/living on alms 3. Manual scavengers 4. Primitive Tribal Groups 5. Legally released bonded labourers The Poorest of the Poor ( ‘Ultra Poor’)

Deprivation Indicators 1. Households with only one room, Kucha walls and Kucha roof; 2. No adult members between ages of 16 and 59 3. Female headed households with no adult male member between 16 and 59; 4. Households with disabled member and no able bodied member 5. SC/ST Households 6. Households with no literate adult above 25 years 7. Landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labour.

Provisional Findings

Key Findings Households Excluded = 7.05 Crore (39.49%) Total Households in the Country= 24.39 Crore Total Rural Households= 17.91 Crore Households Excluded = 7.05 Crore (39.49%) Automatically Included= 16.50 lakh (0.92 %) Considered for Deprivation= 10.69 Crore Not reporting Deprivation= 2.00 Crore Household With Deprivations= 8.69 Crore Households with at least 1Deprivation = 8.69 crore (48.49%) Households with at least 2 Deprivation = 5.33 Crore (29.78 %) Households with at least 3 Deprivation = 2.34 Crore (13.09 %) Households with at least 4 Deprivation = 0.69 Crore (3.87%) Households with at least 5 Deprivation= 0.14 Crore (0.80%) Households with at least 6 Deprivation= 0.02 Crore (0.14 %) Households with all the 7 Deprivations= 12,909 (0.01%)

Exclusion Data At least One Exclusion 39.39% Category Excluded ALL CASTE Households Percentage of Households Reporting Positively E1 Motorized 2/3/4 wheeler/fishing boat. 20.69% E2 Mechanized 3-4 wheeler agricultural equipment 4.12% E3 Kissan Credit Card - credit limit Rs. 50,000 + 3.62% E4 Household member government employee 5.00% E5 Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with Government. 2.74% E6 Any member of HH earning more than Rs. 10000 per month 8.29% E7 Paying Income Tax 4.58% Category Excluded ALL CASTE Households Percentage of Households Reporting Positively E8 Paying Professional Tax 4.58% E9 3 or more rooms with Pucca walls and roof. 18.52% E10 Owns a refrigerator 11.04% E11 Owns landline phone 3.72% E12 Owns more than 2.5 acres of irrigated land with 1 irrigation equipment 4.27% E13 5 acres or more of irrigated land for two or more crop seasons. 3.02% E14 Owning at least 7.5 acres of land or more with at least one irrigation equipment. 2.27% At least One Exclusion 39.39%

Key Findings – Automatic Inclusion Households without shelter = 1.34 (0.07%) in lakhs Destitute Households living on alms = 5.49 (0.31%) in lakhs Manual Scavengers households = 0.90 (0.05%) in lakhs Primitive Tribal Group households = 8.41 (0.47%) in lakhs Legally Released Bonded Labour households = 1.13 (0.06%) in lakhs Automatic Included= 16.50 Lakh (0.92%) Intervene on Priority

Deprivation Data D1. Households with only one room, kaccha walls and kacha roof; D2. No adult members between ages of 16 and 59 D3. Female headed households with no adult male member between 16 and 59; D4. Households with disabled member and no able bodied member D5. SC/ST Households D6. Households with no literate adult above 25 years D7. Landless households deriving a major part of their income from manual casual labour. Total Households Total Households considered for deprivation No. of Deprived Households with deprivation criteria D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 D-7 17,91,64,759 10,69,42,699 2,37,31,674 65,15,205 68,96,014 7,16,045 3,85,82,225 4,21,47,568 5,37,01,383 60% 13.25% 3.64% 3.85% 0.40% 21.53% 23.52% 29.97%

Main Running Theme of Deprivation: Landless Manual & Casual Workers  Particular Deprivated Households Landless and manual casual labour (D7)  % Only zero room or one room with kucha walls and kucha roof (D1) 2,37,31,674 1,41,13082 59% No adult member between age 16 to 59 (D2) 65,15,205 30,46,605 47% Female headed households with no adult male member between age 16 to 59 (D3) 68,96,014 37,32,041 54% Disabled member and no able bodied adult member (D4) 7,16,045 3,25,070 45% SC/ST households (D5) 3,85,82,225 2,08,86,654 No literate adult above 25 years (D6) 4,21,47,568 2,32,18,296 55% Landless households as manual casual labour (D7) 5,37,01,383 100% Insecure & Uncertain Income Unsafe and Poor quality Houses Low on Skill & Education Assetless

What's Causing Delay in Finalization of SECC

All States Need to Publish Final List before August 15, 2015 Thirteen states have published their Final List; Twenty States are on verge of publishing Final List; Fourteen States are caught in small number of Claims and Objections Tracking (COTs) These states have cleared bulk of claims Administrative decisions are needed to settle the rest Some States have some problematic Districts, They must publish final list of districts where COTs is over. Draft List Awaited= 12 NCT Delhi= 9/9 Himachal Pradesh= 1/12 Maharashtra= 2/ 35

Thirteen States Have Published Final List Sr No State/UT CPSU Draft list Published (No of Districts) Date of start of Draft List Publication Final list Published (No of Districts) 1 Chandigarh BEL 20-Jan-14 2 Karnataka 30 12-Dec-13 3 Manipur 9 22-Nov-13 4 A & N Islands ECIL 01-Dec-14 5 Assam 27 06-Nov-13 6 Sikkim 11-Oct-13 7 Mizoram 8 27-Jun-14 Nagaland 11 15-Oct-12 West Bengal 19 21-Oct-13 10 Lakshadweep ITI Goa 03-Feb-14 12 Jammu and Kashmir 22 04-Mar-14 13 Meghalaya 05-Dec-13

A Gentle Nudge in These States Sl No State/UT CPSU Draft list Published (No of Districts) Date of start of Draft List Publication Final list Published (No of Districts) COTS Covered % COTS Pending Actual 1 Gujarat BEL 26 07-Oct-13 25/26 100% 9 2 Rajasthan 33 01-Aug-14 12/33 3 Bihar ECIL 38 36/38 4 Jharkhand 24 05-Feb-14 13/24 97.72% 3947 5 Madhya Pradesh ITI 50 09-Sep-14 38/50 97.6% 1625 6 Punjab 20 27-Jun-14 13/20 99.87%

Claims and Objections Pending SL No. State CPSU No of Household Where Claims Uploaded Application Process Data Modification done on Applications % Applications Settled Pending Application Approved Reject 1 GUJARAT BEL 268686 268574 103 268561 100 9 2 RAJASTHAN 28014 27876 137 27817 3 CHHATTISGARH 53869 51660 2167 51589 99.92 42 4 TAMILNADU 22648 21959 379 21555 98.63 310 5 TRIPURA 7293 7136 12 6963 98.01 145 6 HARYANA 186736 177625 4326 174803 97.44 4785 7 MAHARASHTRA 99675 84499 6417 81215 91.21 8759 8 PUDUCHERRY 1335 1171 855 87.79 163 BIHAR ECIL 6801283 4466697 2334586 4466733 10 TELANGANA 669231 668414 698 666846 99.98 119 11 ANDHRA PRADESH 667299 664858 2122 664465 99.95 319

Claims and Objections Pending SL No. State CPSU No of Household Where Claims Uploaded Application Process Data Modification done on Applications % Applications Settled Pending Application Approved Reject 12 WEST BENGAL ECIL 1496452 1406846 75395 1404843 99.05 14210 13 ODISHA 1631 1594 2 1578 97.85 35 14 JHARKHAND 173221 166385 2889 163183 97.72 3947 15 UTTARAKHAND ITI 220 219 1 211 100 16 KERALA 431381 372156 59213 372353 17 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 17696 17695 99.99 18 PUNJAB 2999 2941 54 2925 99.87 4 19 HIMACHAL PRADESH 667 666 644 99.85 20 UTTAR PRADESH 180796 176883 1384 173143 98.6 2529 21 MADHYA PRADESH 67712 65994 93 65605 97.6 1625

Claims and Objections Process: Time Over- Run Sl. No State/UT CPSU Average Number of Days Lowest number of days Highest number of days 1 Chhattisgarh BEL 104 72 135 2 Gujarat 457 3 Haryana 986 978 993 4 Maharashtra 75 19 130 5 Puducherry 6 Rajasthan 138 257 7 Tamil Nadu NA 8 Tripura 146 9 Andhra Pradesh ECIL 242 212 271 10 Bihar 479 470 487

Claims and Objections Process: Time Over- Run Sl. No State/UT CPSU Average Number of Days Lowest number of days Highest number of days 11 Jharkhand ECIL 229 50 407 12 Odisha 62 6 118 13 Telangana 168 149 187 14 Arunachal Pradesh ITI 139 33 244 15 Delhi NA 16 Himachal Pradesh 169 41 297 17 Kerala 331 18 Madhya Pradesh 116 44 19 Punjab 47 8 86 20 Uttar Pradesh 334 110 558 21 Uttarakhand 290 161 419

SECC provisional data has been released in website http://secc. gov SECC provisional data has been released in website http://secc.gov.in/welcome on 3rd July 2015. SECC is a Work in Continuum Tracing Progress of Households Continuous Data Sharing for Information Updates

Poverty Free Panchayats Possible Making evidence based targeted household interventions for poverty reduction possible

Poverty Free Gram Panchayats: Planning Process IPPE of MGNREGA, MCP of NRLM, mobilization of DDUGKY and selection of households for housing for all – part of the same community process. Led by the Gram Panchayat elected leadership with institutionalized involvement of NRLM SHGs. Planning to include 14th FC resources. Linkages with non – core programmes – education, agriculture, dairy, AH, skills, etc.

SECC – An Opportunity for Action Poverty Free Gram Panchayats? Convergence: Since poverty is multi-dimensional, case for a simultaneous intervention as per the needs of the poor household – address education, health, nutrition, water, sanitation, housing, employment, skill, social mobilization, etc. Saturation: Integrated poverty reduction plan for a household is part of a larger Gram Panchayat Poverty Reduction Plan for development and well-being, it can have positive consequences for households with poverty.

Possible Applications National Food Security Act Housing for All Education and Skills thrust Mahatma Gandhi-NREGA focus villages Interventions for differently able Interventions for women led households Targeting of household/individual entitlements ion evidence of deprivation

What's Holding Back Full Use of SECC Data

The First Step: Mapping of Enumeration Blocks with Gram Panchayats SECC data is Enumeration Block wise consisting of roughly 125 households each 24 lakh enumeration blocks Development Administration runs through Panchayats; In a panchayat there would be multiple Enumeration Blocks (EB); and Therefor linking enumeration block to village and panchayat is a necessary condition for identifying beneficiary households and for making targeted intervention(s);

Planning in Gram Panchayats: Key Challenges Getting voices of the poor heard – SHGs, Vos as MGNREGA PIAs. Tackling inclusion, exclusion challenges of those on the margins. Creating counter-veiling institutional arrangements for community organizations to work with the elected PRI representatives. Getting Health Sub Centre, CRCs of SSA, Supervisor of ICDS, Agri/AH co-terminous with Gram Panchayat.

Challenges in the usage of SECC data : Discrepancy in SECC and MGNREGA data. Count of Gram Panchayat is different. Gram Panchayat names are different. This results in difficulty in linking the SECC data to the Gram Panchayats To overcome this the following approach should be taken: Location masters of SECC and MNREGA should be uniform. The different codes used should be standardized across all the programmes wherever SECC data is proposed to be used.

Challenges to beneficiary identification: Eligibility (Who is deprived?) Correct identification of eligible beneficiary Complete coverage of all eligible beneficiaries Exclusion of all ineligible beneficiaries Priority (How much is he/she deprived?) Phase wise scheme execution requires more deprived to be covered earlier than less deprived Data driven ranking methodology for prioritizing the beneficiaries Authenticity (Whom to believe?) Need for an authentic socio economic database SECC database provides an authentic list of household information which can be used to identify and prioritise the beneficiaries for delivering benefits under various schemes run by the Ministry

SECC data usage in MGNREGA - IPPE Intensive Participatory Planning Exercise: IPPE focusses on poorest households based on SECC database for preparing suitable livelihood plans. The SECC data will be used for identification of these households. Target group identification: IPPE will include: Automatically included household Households with at least four deprivations. The inclusion and various deprivation criteria of the households are already available in the SECC data.

SECC data usage in MGNREGA - IPPE Target group ranking: Exclusion The households fulfilling one or more of the exclusion parameters as decided by the Ministry below would be automatically excluded. Ranking The list will be ranked in the following Order : Topmost - automatically included HH Households meeting all seven deprivations Households meeting all six deprivations Households meeting all five deprivations Households meeting all four deprivations        

IAY Target group identification : Indira Awaas Yojana is a public housing scheme focused on the following set of beneficiaries: Houseless poor families Houseless information is available in the SECC data Those living in dilapidated and kutcha houses Detailed information on the kutcha houses is available in the SECC data, which covers the types of materials used in the walls as well as roof of the house. The information on number of rooms is also available. Provision of house sites to the landless poor. Landholding information is available in the SECC data which can be used to identify the landless poor, by cross referencing it with the income information.

IAY :Target group ranking Exclusion The households fulfilling one or more of the exclusion parameters as decided by the Ministry below would be automatically excluded. Ranking The remaining households will be given weightage on various deprivation parameters like Houseless, Destitute/living on alms, PTG, LRBL, MS, Zero or one or two room house with kutcha wall/roof etc. Based on the weightage, these will be ranked based on most deprived to less deprived. Separate lists for SC, ST and Others The ranked list of beneficiaries can be separated into separate lists for SC, ST and others based on the caste information in the SECC data

SECC data usage in NSAP National Social Assistance Programme: NSAP comprises of five schemes, namely – Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS), Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS), National Family Benefit Scheme NFBS) Annapurna. IGNOAPS Target group identification: The age of the applicant (male or female) should be 60 years or above. The applicant should belong to a household living below the poverty line according to the criteria prescribed by the Govt. of India. The age and income criteria are already available in the SECC data.

SECC data usage in NSAP IGNWPS Target group identification: The applicant must be a widow in the age group of 40-59 years. The applicant should belong to a household living below the poverty line according to the criteria prescribed by the Govt. of India. The widow (marital status), age and income criteria are already available in the SECC data. IGNDPS Target group identification: The applicant must be in the age group of 18-59 years. The applicant should be a person with severe or multiple disabilities. The disability information, age and income criteria are already available in the SECC data.

SECC data usage in NSAP NFBS Target group identification: The primary bread winner is to be the member of the household (male and female) whose earnings contribute substantially to the total household income. The death of such a primary breadwinner should have occurred while he or she is more than 18 yrs. of age and less than 65 yrs. of age. The bereaved household qualifies as one below the poverty line according to the criteria prescribed by the Government of India. The primary bread winner (member with highest household income) data, age and income criteria are already available in the SECC data. Upon the death of the said person, the death certificate in addition to the SECC data can be used to decide the eligibility of the beneficiary.

DDU-GKY – SECC Data Use Analysis of educational level – primary, middle, secondary pass – dropout. Saturation in IPPE and NRLM Intensive/Resource Block. Diversification of trades and skills. Longer duration courses – teachers, health workers.

Education 41% 12% 16% 13% 10% 4% 0.92% Total households Illiterate   Total households Illiterate Literate but below primary Primary Middle Secondary Higher secondary Graduate or higher Other Main Source of Income 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cultivation 53924633 21141569 6241461 8881782 7006640 5906916 2754462 1813147 178443 Manual & Casual 91596396 43088045 12087790 14535880 10656772 7029827 2691740 1367371 138665 Domestic 4483653 1447271 431904 649219 615096 613695 340972 335549 49926 Foraging Rag 408389 200040 45977 63300 40866 31766 15064 10121 1254 NA OE 2887610 682746 273712 500168 496023 462465 225510 216323 30652 Begging Alms 668432 409263 66974 71244 51610 35407 17425 14488 2020 Others 25090414 5932668 2003767 3604740 3751526 4181386 2331766 2822532 461889 Total Households 179164759 72901602 21151585 28306333 22618533 18261462 8376939 6579531 862849 41% 12% 16% 13% 10% 4% 0.92%

Education

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