Organs Composed of 2 or more tissue types

Duct Sweat, Saliva Ductless Hormones Epithelium? Connective Tissue?

Membranes -Epithelial and Connective Tissue -Sheet-like -Cover and line

Serous Membranes: line closed cavities, covers internal organs 1. What kind of epithelium? Mucous Membranes: Line open tracts 1. What kind of epithelium? Cutaneous Membrane (Integument, Skin): Covers the body 1. What kind of epithelium?

Serous Membranes -Covers the outside of internal organs -Lines the inside of closed cavities -Simple squamous secretes a serous fluid for lubrication (Mesothelium) Layer of areolar (Sub-serous Fascia)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.10 Serous membrane relationships. Outer balloon wall (comparable to parietal serosa) Peripheral Air (comparable to serous cavity) Inner balloon wall (comparable to visceral serosa) Heart Parietal pericardium Pericardial space with serous fluid (reduces friction) Visceral pericardium (a)A fist thrust into a flaccid balloon demonstrates the relationship between the parietal and visceral serous membrane layers. (b) The serosae associated with the heart. Pg 19

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Esophagus (in mediastinum) Right lung Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Pleural cavity Pericardial membranes Sternum Anterior Posterior Root of lung at hilum Left lung Thoracic wall Pulmonary trunk Heart (in mediastinum) Anterior mediastinum (c) Transverse section through the thorax, viewed from above. Lungs, pleural membranes, and major organs in the mediastinum are shown. Left main bronchus Left pulmonary artery Left pulmonary vein Vertebra serous membranes

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. (d) Pancreas Liver Lesser omentum Stomach Duodenum Transverse mesocolon Greater omentum Mesentery Jejunum Visceral peritoneum Urinary bladder Transverse colon Ileum Parietal peritoneum Rectum 889

Mucous Membranes (mucosa) -Found lining the inside of our open systems (tracts) -4 locations? -Epithelium may make mucous (lubrication, protection, absorption) lumen Epithelium Basement Membrane Lamina Propria (areolar CT) Muscularis Mucosa ? (smooth muscle)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 8.3 General structure of a synovial joint. Periosteum Ligament Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid) Articular (hyaline) cartilage Articular capsule Pg 252 Areolar & Adipose Synovial Fluid - lubricates - provides nutrition Synovial membranes line synovial joints (freely movable joints)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.1 Skin structure. Epidermis Str. Sq. Hair shaft Dermis Reticular layer Papillary layer Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Dermal papillae Pore Subpapillary vascular plexus Appendages of skin Eccrine sweat gland Arrector pili muscle Sebaceous (oil) gland Hair follicle Hair root Nervous structures Sensory nerve fiber Pacinian corpuscle Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) Cutaneous vascular plexus Adipose tissue Areolar Pg 151 Skin, Cutaneous Membrane, Integumentary System Dense Irr Areolar Protection Sensation Thermoregulation

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.2 The main structural features of the skin epidermis. Melanocyte Melanin granule Tactile (Merkel) cell Sensory nerve ending Epidermal dendritic cell Dermis Keratinocytes Desmosomes (b) (a) Stratum corneum Most superficial layer; 20–30 layers of dead cells represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space. Stratum granulosum (3-5) Three to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellated gran- ules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules. Stratum spinosum (8-10) Several layers of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin. Stratum basale Deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers. See occasional melanocytes and epidermal dendritic cells. Pg 153 Stratum Lucidum? Stratum Germinativum Langerhan’s Cell

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.1 Skin structure. Epidermis Str. Sq. Hair shaft Dermis Reticular layer Papillary layer Hypodermis (superficial fascia) Dermal papillae Pore Subpapillary vascular plexus Appendages of skin Eccrine sweat gland Arrector pili muscle Sebaceous (oil) gland Hair follicle Hair root Nervous structures Sensory nerve fiber Pacinian corpuscle Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) Cutaneous vascular plexus Adipose tissue Areolar Pg 151 Skin, Cutaneous Membrane, Integumentary System Dense Irr Areolar Protection Sensation Thermoregulation

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.3 The two regions of the dermis. Dermis (a)Light micrograph of thick skin identifying the extent of the dermis, (50x) (b) Papillary layer of dermis, SEM (22,700x) (c) Reticular layer of dermis, SEM (38,500x) Fingerprints Areolar Vessels, receptors 80% Dense Irr. Tension lines Strength, binds water Skin Superficial Fascia Deep Fascia 154

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Clicker Question: A patient taking a drug that inhibits cell division (such as certain chemotherapy drugs) would expect which layer of the epidermis to be affected first? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum basale C. Stratum spinosum D. Stratum granulosum