1. Body Membranes #1 In your opinion describe what is a membrane?
In your opinion explain the purpose of a membrane?

2. Human Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 4
Skin and Body Membranes

3. Body Membranes
Function to cover and line body cavities and form protective and lubricating films around organs.

4. Body Membranes Classification of Body Membranes
Epithelial Membranes- function as covering and lining membranes.
Connective Membranes- function to secrete fluids for lubrication of moving parts.

5. Epithelial Membranes Cutaneous Membrane
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium, with an underlining of dense fibrous connective tissue.
Dry membrane
EX: Skin

6. Epithelial Membranes

7. Epithelial Membranes Mucous Membranes (mucosa)
Epithelium that rests on loose connective tissue.
Membrane lines all body cavities that open to the exterior.
All wet membranes
Adapted for secretion and absorption
EX: lungs, mouth, esophagus, stomach, urinary tract

8. Epithelial Membranes

9. Epithelial Membranes Serous Membrane (serosa)
Layer of simple squamous with an under layer of areolar connective tissue.
Serosa line body cavities not open to the exterior.
Membranes occur in pairs:
Parietal- outer layer of the membrane
Visceral- inside portion that covers the organ

10. Epithelial Membranes Serous Membrane (serosa)
The parietal serosa and visceral serosa are separated by a thin clear fluid called serous fluid.
Peritoneum- serous membrane in the abdominal cavity.
Pleura- membrane surrounding the lungs.
Pericardium- membrane surrounding the heart.

11. Epithelial Membranes

12. Connective Tissue Membranes
Synovial Membranes
Composed of soft areolar connective tissue.
Contain no epithelial cells.
Line fibrous capsules around joints.
Lubricate joints and organs

13. Connective Tissue Membranes

14. Assignment Textbook page 112 Questions 1-3
Answers written in complete sentences.

15. Body Membranes #2
Explain the difference between the parietal serosa and the visceral serosa.
What are the three types of epithelial membranes?
Explain the functions of the cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes.

16. Integumentary System
Integumentary system includes your skin (cutaneous membrane) and associated organs such as sweat glands, hair follicles, and etc..

17. Integumentary System Functions:
Protects the internal body from external material.
Insulates and cushions the body.
Assists to regulate body temperature.

18. Hair Shaft
Pore
Epidermis
Arrector pili
Papillary
layer
Sebaceous gland
Dermis
Reticular
layer
Sweat gland
Hair follicle
Hair Root
Hypodermis
Adipose tissue
Meissner’s corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle
Blood vessels
Sensory nerve
Hair follicle receptor

19. Integumentary System Structure of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis
Most outer layer of the skin
Made of stratified squamous epithelium
Composed of a tough structural protein called Keratin.
Dermis
Layer underneath the epidermis, made of connective tissue.
Hypodermis
Adipose tissue that connects skin to the underlying organs.

20. Structure of the Skin- Epidermis
Stratum corneum- dead cells filled with keratin and is cells thick.
Stratum lucidum-only present in hairless, extra thick skin.
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale- produces new skin cells and location of melanocytes.

21. Structure of the Skin

22. Structure of the Skin- Epidermis
Melanocytes
Found in the stratum basale.
Produce a protein called melanin.
Melanin is a color pigment that ranges from yellow to black.
Melanin shields the nucleus from damaging UV rays.

23. Structure of the Skin- Dermis
Composed primarily of collagen and elastic fibers that provide toughness and flexibility.

24. Structure of the Skin Sebaceous (oil) Glands:
Exocrine gland that secretes sebum through ducts to the skin surface.
Sebum keeps the skin soft and kills foreign bacteria.
Not found on palms of hands and feet.

25. Structure of the Skin
Sweat Gland- assist in thermoregulation of the body.
Hair- serve as protection and insulation.
Hair Follicle- manufactures hair.
Arrector Pili- smooth muscle that pushes hair upright.
Nails- scale like dead keratinized cells.

26. Assignment Textbook page 122 Answer questions 10-13
Write in complete sentences

27. Body Membranes #3 Explain the function of the Integumentary system.
Which layer of the epidermis produces new cells?
Which layer of the epidermis is present and very thick on the bottom of feet?

28. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin
Whitehead- occurs when an oil gland is blocked by sebum.
Blackhead- occurs when the sebum in the whitehead oxidizes and dries out.
Acne- occurs from an active infection of the sebaceous gland.
Seborrhea- over active oil glands that cause raised lesions on the skin.

29. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

30. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
Athlete’s Foot- caused by a fungus infection between the toes indicated by red, itchy, and burning sensation.
Boils- inflammation of hair follicles and subcutaneous glands.
Cold Sores- caused by the herpes simplex virus and usually occur around the mouth.

31. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

32. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
Contact Dermatitis- Allergic response to exposure to chemicals such as from poison ivy indicated by redness, itchiness, swelling, and blisters.
Impetigo- staphylococcus infection around the mouth.
Psoriasis- chronic condition caused by overproduction of skin cells.

33. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin

34. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
Burns
1st Degree- only the epidermis is damaged
2nd Degree- epidermis and upper dermis are damaged usually have blisters
3rd Degree- the full thickness of the skin is damaged beyond repair.

35. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin

36. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
Skin Cancer
Open Textbook to page 102
Benign neoplasms that do not spread.
Malignant neoplasms that spread to other body parts.

37. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma- most common and least malignant skin cancer.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma- rapidly spreading cancer that appears to look like a skin ulcer.
Malignant Melanoma- cancer of the melanocytes and is extremely deadly.

38. Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin

39. Body Membranes #4
Provide and describe one type of allergy, infection, and cancer of skin cells.
Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?

40. Integumentary System
Open textbooks to page 113
A Closer Look…..

41. Assignment Textbook page 131 Answer questions 1-4, 6, 9-12
Write answers in complete sentences.