The development of Soviet Foreign Policy Part I 1917-1958.

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Presentation transcript:

The development of Soviet Foreign Policy Part I

Morgenthau’s original points Geography Natural Resources Industrial capacity Military preparedness Population National character National morale Quality of Diplomacy Quality of Government

Goals conflict Continuation of Tsarist tradition or World Revolution? Sometimes called “Ideology v National Interest” Some commentators argue that the two are not irreconcileable: World revolutionary movement became a foreign policy tool

Morgenthau’s original points Geography Natural Resources Industrial capacity Military preparedness Population National character National morale Quality of Diplomacy Quality of Government

Timeline 1 Lenin, Trotsky and Zinoviev October 1917 Revolution March 1918 Brest-Litovsk “War of Foreign Intervention” Comintern Rapallo 1924 Death of Lenin

Timeline 2 [Stalin] Need for investment: 100,000 tractors 17 th Party Congress 1934 Spanish Civil War th Party Congress 1938 Ribbentrop-Molotov non-aggression Pact Sept 28 th 1939 Division of Poland Sept 17 th 1939 War with Finland Nov 1939-March 1940 June 1940 Baltic States and Bessarabia

Timeline 3 Second World War April 1941 Non-Aggression pact with Japan June 22 nd 1941 German Invasion Stalingrad Feb 1943 Kursk July-Aug 1943 Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam Conferences Invasion of Manchuria two days after Hiroshima Aug 8 th 1945

Timeline 4 After 2 nd World War Stalin purged and later closed down the Comintern After German invasion, Communist parties revived as resistance groups Where Red Army liberated territory, Communists effectively given power according to percentages of influence decided at Yalta and Potsdam Conferences Remember Yugoslavia and Albania effectively self-liberated

More after WW II Important to realise many democratic parties in eastern Europe discredited by pre-war politics [Brzezinski] Nevertheless after Czech coup in 1948, Stalinisation became the order of the day China liberated itself 1949 Vietnamese fighting French Communists in coalitions in France and Italy Civil war in Greece Finally Korean War

After Stalin’s death Korean War ended De-stalinisation agenda of Khrushchev Secret speech of 1956 Poland and Hungary 1956 Anti-party group crisis 1957 Peaceful coexistence K and B’s overseas visits

The significance and impact of Sov FP in this period? Creation of anti-capitalist revolutionary socialist movement world-wide Strengthening of anti-colonial forces In Europe, mostly concerned with regaining territory lost after 1917 In Asia, won the unknown war with Japan and very involved with China Supportive of Nasser, Nehru, Nkrumah and “progressive forces” generally