WAP/ WML Author :Hsien-Pang Tsai

Outlines Introduction WAP Architecture WML Conclusion Reference

Outlines Introduction WAP Architecture WML Conclusion Reference

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) An specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly.

Purpose Bring Internet content and to digital cellular phones. Create a specification that will work across differing wireless network technologies. Embrace and extend existing standards and technology wherever appropriate.

WWW Model vs. WAP Model

WAP Push Real-time applications that send notifications to their users  Poll application servers for new information or status.  Push functionality provides control over the lifetime of pushed messages, store & forward capabilities at the Push Proxy and control over bearer choice for delivery.

Feature-Enhancing Proxies

Outlines Introduction WAP Architecture WML Conclusion Reference

WAP Stack Architecture

Protocol Stack Legacy Protocol Layers  Optimized for low bandwidth bearer networks with relatively long latency. Protocol Layers for Networks Supporting IP  Motivated by the emergence of high-speed wireless networks (e.g. 2.5G and 3G).  Provide IP support directly to the wireless devices.

Legacy Protocol Layers

WAE ： Wireless Application Environment  WAP 2.0 provides the foundation for such a micro-browser in its markup languages, namely the XHTML Mobile Profile markup language (XHTMLMP).  Enhances the presentation of content by supporting style sheets.

WSP ： Wireless Session Protocol, provides the upper-level application layer of WAP with a consistent interface for two session services.  connection-mode  connectionless service Secure datagram Non-secure datagram

WTP ： Wireless Transaction Protocol, defined as a light weight transaction oriented protocol for mobile stations and operates efficiently over wireless datagram networks.

WTLS ： Wireless Transport Layer Security, designed to provide privacy, data integrity and authentication between two communicating applications.  Provides an interface for managing secure connections.  Datagram support, optimized handshake and dynamic key refreshing.

WDP ： Wireless Datagram Protocol, a general datagram service, offering a consistent service to the upper layer protocols and communicating transparently over one of the available underlying bearer services.

Protocol Layers for Networks Supporting IP

WP-HTTP ： Wireless Profiled HTTP, is a profile of HTTP for the wireless environment and is fully interoperable with HTTP/1.1.  Message body compression of responses.  The establishment of secure tunnels.

TLS ： Transport Layer Security, permit interoperability for secure transactions. WP-TCP ： Wireless Profiled TCP, provides connection-oriented services, which is optimized for wireless environments and is fully interoperable with standard TCP.

Dual WAP Stack WAP 2.0 provides support for both stacks, it should be noted these stacks operate independently. would not be mixing and matching of protocols in accomplishing an end-to- end transaction.

WAP Network

Outlines Introduction WAP Architecture WML Conclusion Reference

Wireless Markup Language (WML) WML2 is a language which extends the XHTML Basic and CSS Mobile Profile. Optimised for specifying presentation and user interaction on limited capability devices such as mobile phones and other wireless mobile terminals.

GOAL There are five goals for WML2:  Backward compatibility.  Convergence with existing and evolving Internet standards.  Optimisation of access from small, limited devices.  Allowance for the creation of distinct user interfaces.  Internationalisation of the architecture.

WML2 Document Structure

Ex ：

Card & Deck

User Agent Behaviour Variables Navigation History Navigation Reference Processing Model Form Processing Reference Model WML2 Event Model

Variables A WML variable is a name-value pair, where the value is any string in the document character set. WML variables can be used in the place of strings and are substituted at run-time with their current value.

Navigation History The user agent history is modelled as a stack of entries that represent the resources in the navigational path the user traversed to arrive at the current location. Three operations may be performed on the history stack:  Reset  Push  Pop

Navigation Reference Processing Model A task is a navigational directive executed by the user agent in response to an event such as the activation of a wml:do element or the expiration of a timer.  The go task  The prev task  The noop task  The refresh task

Event Model Intrinsic event: an event generated by the user agent Extrinsic event: an event sent to the user agent by some external agent

Event Binding Card-level : the event binding may appear inside a body or wml:card element and specify event-processing behavior for that particular card or body. Document-level : the event binding may appear inside the html element and specify event-processing behavior for each body/card in the document.  A document-level event binding is equivalent to specifying the event binding in each body/card.

Ex ：

Conclusion Introduction WAP Architecture WML

Reference WAP Architecture Spec. [WAP-210-WAPArch ]  WAP 2.0 White Paper [2002-Jan]  Wireless Markup Language v2.0 [WAP-238-WML p]  /Jan WML 輕鬆打.wap 手機網站  精通 WAP/WML - 文魁資訊股份有限公司