2. Understand WML Chao-Hsien Chu, Ph.D. School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University

3. Possible Service Types by WAP WAP Call Handling Messaging Information Services Electronic Commerce Database Access Transport Gamming Local Development Services

4. Limitations of Wireless Physical Devices:  Size / Display  Memory / Cache Size  Battery  Data Entry Methods Contents:  Different Standards  Micro browser  Scarcity of contents  Block internet surfing.  Character-based Info. Networks:  Bandwidth limitations.  Incomplete service coverage.  Lack of an installed user base.  High customer cost.  Changing communications standards.  Latency  Connection reliability Security.

5. Info services Telecom services E-mail WWW Message Services Info Security Call control Unified mailbox ITTP SIM toolkit TTML HDML Other WAP Why New Standard

6. WAP Architecture WSP/WTPHTTP Web Server WAP Gateway WAP Client WML WMLScript WTAI WML Interpreter WML Encoder WML Script Compiler Protocol Bearers CGI Scripts (PERL, ASP, Java) WML and WMLScript Contents Interne t

7. Sketch of WAP Network Architecture Wireless Network WTA server WAP gateway Filter Web server Web server WAP gateway Firewall WML HTML Corporate

8. Internet Protocol vs. WAP Other Services and Applications IS-136CDMASMSCDPDUSSDCSDPDCEtc. Bearers Transport Layer (WPD) Security Layer (WTLS) Transaction Layer (WTP) Session Layer (WSP) Application Layer (WAE) HTTP TCP/IP UDP/IP TLS-SSL HTML JavaScript

9. Wireless Application Protocol Other Services And Applications IS-136CDMASMSCDPDUSSDCSDPDCEtc. Bearers Transport Layer (WPD) Security Layer Transaction Layer Session Layer Application Layer

10. WAP Protocol Stack OSI LayerWAP Protocol Application Layer WAE Wireless Application Environment Session Layer WSP Wireless Session Protocol Transaction Layer WTP Wireless Transaction Protocol Security Layer WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security Transport Layer WDP Wireless Datagram Protocol

11. Server Configuration File TypeExtensionMIME Type HDML.hdmltext/x-hdml WML.wmltext/vnd.wap.wml WMLScript.wmlstext/vnd.wap.wmlscript Compiled WML.wmlcapplication/vnd.wap.wmlc Compiled WMLScript.wmlscapplication/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc WBMP.wbmpimage/vnd.wap.wbmp

12. WML Structure Deck - File Card – Screen Head: XML, DTD Declarations Template:, Root Element:, Card:,

13. WML Structure … … Document Type Declaration Process Instruction Root Element Template Cards

14. WML’s Functionality Text Presentation and Layout: text formatting, line breaks, and alignment. Images – Wireless Bitmap (WBMP) and image alignment. User Inputs – Choice lists, multilevel choices, text entry, and task controls. Cards and Deck Organization. Navigation – URL Naming and anchored links, between cards in a deck, between decks. State and Context Management – Variable passing between decks, Cache both variables and decks.

15. Text Presentations There is no support for font Paragraph Line break Big style Bold face Emphasis Italic Small Strong Underline

16. Paragraph Two attributes: align = “left”, “center” or “right” mode = ‘wrap” or “nowrap” AttributeEffect Left alignment of paragraph Centered alignment of paragraph Right alignment of paragraph

17. Special Characters NameCharASCIIEscape Sequence Ampersand&&& Apostrophe‘'&apos; Dollar Sign$$dol; or $$ Greater Than>>> Less Than<<< Spaces  Quote“"" Soft Hyphen-­­ ASCII Characters&#nn;

18. Table Attributes: alignAlignment - left, center, right titleName a table columnsNumber of columns Define row Define column

19. Image - Image - srcURL of the image to display localsrcLocal known icon alignTop, middle,bottom widthWidth - Number of pixels or % heightHeight - Number of pixels or % hspaceHorizontal space -Number of pixels vspaceVertical space - Number of pixels altAlternative text to display

20. Navigation between Cards and Decks Type of LinksSyntax Link to another card in the same deck Second Card Link to another card in different deck on same server Another Deck Link to another deck on a different server Different Server …

21. Events and Tasks ActionsMeaningExample accept Cause task to occur same as OK prev Return to previous help Request help reset Reset the devices options Ask for more operations delete Remove an item unknown Map a task to any key

22. Events : Invoke a card via a GO statement. : Navigate to a card via the statement. : Select an option. : Delay time for action. These events are invoked via an element, an element, or as part of a or element.

23. Input Attributes AttributeDescription nameName of the variable to receive a value valueDefault value for the variable maxlengthMax. # of characters to accept use input sizeNumber of characters for browser to display typeText or password formatFormat of input data (controlled by input mask) emptyokBoolean (returns a value of either true or false)

24. Input Mask SpecifierFormat Control AUppercase, nonnumeric characters aLowercase, nonnumeric characters NNumerical characters, including (+) and (-) XUppercase, alphabetic, numeric, punctuation xLowercase, alphabetic, numeric, punctuation MAny character, browser assumes uppercase mAny character, browser assumes lowercase *f*fAny number of characters followed by format NfNfLimited to “n” number of characters \vLiteral character is output, input prohibited.

25. Attributes of Do Element AttributeDescription typeProvide a hint to the browser about how it should be displayed labelSpecify the string used for the label. nameSpecify a programmatic name for the do element binding, especially when multiple do elements are bound to the same card optionalDetermine whether the do element may be ignored

26. Hardware Key Types Key TypeDescription acceptAcknowledgement or acceptance prevBackward navigation helpRequest for help resetClears or resets the state optionsRequest for options or additional operations deleteDelete an item or choice unknownIs equivalent to an empty string

27. Action Types Action TypeDescription goGoes forward prevGo backward using the history stack refresh Refresh the screen after updating variable values noopIndicate no action should be taken

28. Example of Do Element

29. Thank You? Any Question?