1. Wireless Application Protocol and i-Mode By Sridevi Madduri Swetha Kucherlapati Sharrmila Jeyachandran

2. Presentation Outline Motivation Introduction to WAP WAP Architecture Introduction to i-Mode i-Mode Architecture WAP Versus i-Mode Conclusion

3. Motivation The need to access the Internet Content with handheld devices from anywhere Characteristics of handheld devices: - Weak CPU - Limited memory - Limited battery power - Limited user I/O

4. Introduction to WAP Gateway to a new world of mobile data Universal standard which enables users to easily access Web based interactive information services and applications from the screens of their mobile phones WAP Forum – Initial proposals came from Ericsson, Nokia and Phone.com. WAP can work over several wireless technologies WAP stack can operate on various mobile devices with different operating system.

5. Introduction to WAP cont’d Client application is a micro-browser Uses Wireless Markup Language Information is organized as decks and cards XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTMLMB) replaces WML in WAP 2.0 Commerce, finance, entertainment and messaging applications are the most widely used services.

6. WAP Architecture

7. WAP Architecture cont’d WAP Gateway provides the following functions: - translate WAP protocols to web protocols - encode WAP content into a compact for radio transfer and decode compact content transmitted over radio - manage user profiles (client capabilities and user preferences)

8. WAP protocol architecture Wireless Application Environment (WAE) – Application level services, tools and languages for content handling Wireless Session protocol (WSP) – connection- oriented and connectionless sessions Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) – reliable connection and transaction oriented services, flow control, retransmissions Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) – privacy, integrity, authentication and end-to- end security Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) – common interface to physical bearers

9. Introduction to i-Mode Japan’s leading cellular phone operator NTTDocoMo launched i-Mode in 1999 i-Mode is a packet-switched mobile phone service, which offers continuous, always-on internet access i-Mode uses Personal Digital Cellular Packet (PDC-P) bearer Client application is a micro-browser i-Mode enabled websites use compact HTML (cHTML), a subset of HTML4.0 Simple entertainment represents more than 75% of the traffic followed by email and news.

10. i-Mode Communication Model

11. i-Mode Architecture

12. i-Mode Protocol Architecture Transport Layer protocol (TLP) – Improved efficiency in PDC-P network over TCP, no 3-way handshake Application Layer Protocol (ALP) – supports both pull and push style communication, direct communication between mobile phone and i-Mode server User Information Transfer Protocol (UITP) – sends subscriber information from PDP-C network to i-Mode server Network Management Protocol (NWMP) – perform signaling (start/end of communication)

13. WAP and i-Mode Features Open specification for content handling in wireless networks Site based on WML 39% of world’s wireless internet users Usually used over circuit switched connections Services business-oriented, work-oriented Anyone can produce contents, content menus Wireless internet service Sites based on cHTML 60% of world’s wireless internet users Usually used over packet- switched networks Services user-oriented, fun- oriented Anyone can produce content, DoCoMo operates content menus

14. Conclusion WAP is an open specification developed by a consortium i-Mode is a service developed by NTTDoCoMo 3G – services (FOMA) are currently provide for i-Mode users WAP 2.0 is a step toward integrating previous releases of WAP and i-Mode.

15. Questions How Secure is WAP ? - WTLS protocol / client & WAP gateway - SSL / web server and WAP gateway - Security parameters to protect the session (like encryption protocols, signature algorithms, public keys) - Keys negotiated periodically - Client and Server authentication using certificates, secure exchange of keys, encryption of data, digital signing.

16. Questions cont’d Does i-mode support JAVA ? - ‘i-appli’ : service that provides a integrated platform for appl programs written in java for i-mode capable phones. - KVM

17. Questions cont’d What security measures are implemented in i-mode? - SSL/TLS protocol provides server authentication and i-mode devices have certificates pre-installed - Confidentiality and integrity of application data is guaranteed - Client authentication via applications specific means

18. Questions cont’d Are browsers like IE and Netscape supported by i-mode? If not why? What is the remedy? - Micro-browsers - Low memory and bandwidth capacities Can WAP and i-Mode Co-exist? Yes

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