1. CPET 565 Mobile Computing Systems Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols Lecture 14 Hongli Luo Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

2. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols Wireless Protocols Wireless Protocols WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) WML (Wireless Markup Language)WML (Wireless Markup Language) BluetoothBluetooth OBEX (Object Exchange)OBEX (Object Exchange) WBXMLWBXML Mobile Internet ProtocolsMobile Internet Protocols

3. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols Limitations of Internet for wireless applications: Limitations of Internet for wireless applications: Low bandwidthLow bandwidth High latencyHigh latency Limited connection stabilityLimited connection stability Small display sizeSmall display size Limited input facilityLimited input facility Limited memoryLimited memory Limited processing powerLimited processing power

4. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols Mobile software development considerations Mobile software development considerations Size of display limitedSize of display limited Input device may be harder to manipulateInput device may be harder to manipulate Sound may be limitedSound may be limited Storage/processing ability could be slowerStorage/processing ability could be slower

5. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) HTTP/HTML ->WAP/WMLHTTP/HTML ->WAP/WML Allows accessing the web from a mobile phone or PDAAllows accessing the web from a mobile phone or PDA WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org/WAP Forum, http://www.wapforum.org/ http://www.wapforum.org/ WAP 2.0, http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/ wap/wapindex.htmlWAP 2.0, http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/ wap/wapindex.html http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/ wap/wapindex.html http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/ wap/wapindex.html Integrates telephony services with browser technology, interactive Internet access for mobile handsetsIntegrates telephony services with browser technology, interactive Internet access for mobile handsets Typical WAP applicationsTypical WAP applications Over-the-air e-commerce transactions, online banking, information provisioning, and messaging Over-the-air e-commerce transactions, online banking, information provisioning, and messaging WAP 2.0 Technical White paper, www.wapforum.org/what/WAPWhite_Paper1.pdfWAP 2.0 Technical White paper, www.wapforum.org/what/WAPWhite_Paper1.pdf www.wapforum.org/what/WAPWhite_Paper1.pdf www.wapforum.org/what/WAPWhite_Paper1.pdf

6. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Infrastructure WAP Infrastructure Mobile clientMobile client A public land mobile network (GMS, etc)A public land mobile network (GMS, etc) A public telephony networkA public telephony network A WAP gatewayA WAP gateway Protocol conversion Protocol conversion Content encoding Content encoding An IP networkAn IP network A WAP application serverA WAP application server

7. http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/11611-wireless-markup- lang-WAP-WML

8. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client) WAP Architecture (client) Application Layer (WAE)Application Layer (WAE) Session Layer (WSP)Session Layer (WSP) Transaction Layer (WTP)Transaction Layer (WTP) Security Layer (WTLS)Security Layer (WTLS) Transport Layer (WDP)Transport Layer (WDP) Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism)Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism)

9. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism) WAP Architecture (client): Bearers (Lowest Transport mechanism) GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) CDMACDMA IPIP UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)

10. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer (WDP) WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer (WDP) Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) Transport layer protocol that sends and receives message via any available bearer network. Transport layer protocol that sends and receives message via any available bearer network. Wireless Control Message Protocol (WCMP)Wireless Control Message Protocol (WCMP) WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer Security (WTLS) WAP Architecture (client): Transport Layer Security (WTLS) Optional security layerOptional security layer Provides the secure transport service required by many applications, such as e-commerceProvides the secure transport service required by many applications, such as e-commerce

11. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Transaction Layer (WTP) WAP Architecture (client): Transaction Layer (WTP) Provides transaction support, adding reliability to the datagram service provided by WDPProvides transaction support, adding reliability to the datagram service provided by WDP Class 0 – unreliable one-way messages without confirmation Class 0 – unreliable one-way messages without confirmation Class 1 – reliable one-way message without result messages (push Short Message Services) Class 1 – reliable one-way message without result messages (push Short Message Services) Class 2 – reliable two-way request-response messages (confirmation, result of a query) Class 2 – reliable two-way request-response messages (confirmation, result of a query)

12. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Session Layer (WSP) WAP Architecture (client): Session Layer (WSP) Provides a lightweight session layer to allow efficient exchange of data between applicationsProvides a lightweight session layer to allow efficient exchange of data between applications Connection-Oriented services based on WTPConnection-Oriented services based on WTP Connectionless services above datagram transport servicesConnectionless services above datagram transport services Supports HTTP 1.1 functionality and semantics in a binary-encoded formatSupports HTTP 1.1 functionality and semantics in a binary-encoded format

13. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Architecture (client): Application Layer (WAE) environment WAP Architecture (client): Application Layer (WAE) environment Micro-browserMicro-browser Displaying WML pagesDisplaying WML pages Executing WML scriptExecuting WML script

14. WAP and Internet Internet Internet HTTP/HTML/JavaScriptHTTP/HTML/JavaScript WAP WAP WAP/WML/WML ScriptWAP/WML/WML Script WML (wireless Markup language) WML (wireless Markup language) A Light markup language, optimized for use in handheld mobile terminalsA Light markup language, optimized for use in handheld mobile terminals WML Script WML Script A lightweight scripting language, similar to JavaScriptA lightweight scripting language, similar to JavaScript

15. From WAP white paper

16. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Gateway WAP Gateway Protocol conversionProtocol conversion translates requests from a wireless protocol stack to WWW protocol (HTTP and TCP/IP) translates requests from a wireless protocol stack to WWW protocol (HTTP and TCP/IP) Content encoders and decodersContent encoders and decoders translate WAP contents into a compact format translate WAP contents into a compact format User agent profile managementUser agent profile management describe client capabilities and personal preferences describe client capabilities and personal preferences Caching proxyCaching proxy improve perceived performance and network utilization improve perceived performance and network utilization

17. WAP 2.0 Features Protocol layers for networks supporting IP Protocol layers for networks supporting IP Introduced in WAP 2.0Introduced in WAP 2.0 Motivated by the high-speed wireless network (e.g. 2.5G and 3G)Motivated by the high-speed wireless network (e.g. 2.5G and 3G) Protocol layersProtocol layers Wireless Profiled HTTP (WP-HTTP) Wireless Profiled HTTP (WP-HTTP) Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport Layer Security (TLS) Wireless Profiled TCP (WP-TCP) Wireless Profiled TCP (WP-TCP)

18. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP 2.0 http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wap index.html WAP 2.0 http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wap index.html http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wap index.html http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/affiliates/wap/wap index.html ArchitectureArchitecture Client IDClient ID Client ProvisioningClient Provisioning External Functional Interface (EFI)External Functional Interface (EFI) General FormatsGeneral Formats Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS)Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) PersistencePersistence PushPush

19. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP 2.0 WAP 2.0 SynchronizationSynchronization User Agent ProfileUser Agent Profile Wireless Application EnvironmentWireless Application Environment Wireless ProtocolsWireless Protocols Wireless SecurityWireless Security Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)

20. Mobile Device Connectivity Protocols WAP Profile WAP Profile Homepage: http://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wmlHomepage: http://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wmlhttp://x.yy.xx.xyz/homepage.wml Connection typeConnection type Connection securityConnection security BearerBearer Dial-up numberDial-up number IP addressIP address Authentication typeAuthentication type Data call typeData call type Data call speedData call speed User nameUser name PasswordPassword

21. From WAP white paper

24. Proxy can optimize the communication and may offer mobile service enhancements, such as location, privacy, and presence based services. It is necessary to offer Push functionality.