1. Wireless Communication Betty and the GeEks Present:

2. What is WAP? A set of protocols which allow data exchange for mobile cellular systemsA set of protocols which allow data exchange for mobile cellular systems The current world standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless informationThe current world standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless information It is device independentIt is device independent It is network independentIt is network independent

3. Current Constraints of Less BandwidthLess Bandwidth High LatencyHigh Latency Less Stable ConnectionsLess Stable Connections Less Predictable AvailabilityLess Predictable Availability Diverse range of network standardsDiverse range of network standards Less CPU PowerLess CPU Power Less Memory and StorageLess Memory and Storage Restricted Power ConsumptionRestricted Power Consumption Small / Variable Sized DisplaysSmall / Variable Sized Displays Variable Input Types (Keypad, Pen, etc,)Variable Input Types (Keypad, Pen, etc,) Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:

4. Wireless networks and phonesWireless networks and phones –have specific needs and requirements not addressed by existing Internet technologies. WAP enables any data transportWAP enables any data transport –TCP/IP, UDP/IP, GUTS (IS-135/6), SMS, or USSD. The WAP architectureThe WAP architecture –has several modular entities which together form a fully compliant Internet entity –all WML content is accessed via HTTP 1.1 requests. Why Use WAP ?

5. Why Use WAP ? (cont..) WAP utilizes standard Internet markup language technology (XML)WAP utilizes standard Internet markup language technology (XML) Optimizing the content and airlink protocolsOptimizing the content and airlink protocols The WML UI components map well onto existing mobile phone user interfacesThe WML UI components map well onto existing mobile phone user interfaces –no re-education of the end-users –leveraging market penetration of mobile devices WAP utilizes plain Web HTTP 1.1 serversWAP utilizes plain Web HTTP 1.1 servers –leveraging existing development methodologies –CGI, ASP, NSAPI, JAVA, Servlets, etc.

6. The WAP Architecture

7. More Acronyms to learn WAE - Wireless Application EnvironmentWAE - Wireless Application Environment WSP - Wireless Session ProtocolWSP - Wireless Session Protocol WTP - Wireless Transaction ProtocolWTP - Wireless Transaction Protocol WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer SecurityWTLS - Wireless Transport Layer Security WDP - Wireless Datagram ProtocolWDP - Wireless Datagram Protocol

8. Comparison between Internet and WAP Models Internet

9. WAP Protocols WSP ( Wireless Session Protocol)WSP ( Wireless Session Protocol) –Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent interface for two session services. A connection-oriented service that operates above the transaction layer protocol WTP.A connection-oriented service that operates above the transaction layer protocol WTP. A connectionless service that operates above a secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP).A connectionless service that operates above a secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP).

10. WAP Protocols WTP ( Wireless Transaction Protocol)WTP ( Wireless Transaction Protocol) –Provide efficient request/reply based transport mechanism suitable for devices with limited resources over networks with low to medium bandwidth. WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price) WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to transfer the same amount of data.WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to transfer the same amount of data.

11. WAP Protocols WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security) –A security protocol based upon the industry- standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport protocols and has been optimized for use over narrow-band communication channels.

12. WAP Protocols WDP ( Wireless Datagram Protocol)WDP ( Wireless Datagram Protocol) –The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture –Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and Application layers –Allows these upper layers to function independently of the underlying wireless network. This is the key to global interoperability

13. WAP Developers An incomplete list of corporations currently developing WAP products and/or services: y AT&T y Bell Atlantic Mobile y GTE y Sprint PCS y US West y Nextel y France Telecom y Telenor (Norway) y Bell Mobility (Canada) y Japan Telecom y Nokia y Ericsson y Motorola y Qualcomm y Samsung y Palm Computing (3Com) y IBM y Phone.com (Unwired Planet)

14. Tag-based browsing language:Tag-based browsing language: –Screen management (text, images) –Data input (text, selection lists, etc.) –Hyperlinks & navigation support XML-based languageXML-based language Inherits technology from HTMLInherits technology from HTML WML Wireless Markup Language

15. Card metaphorCard metaphor –User interactions are split into cards –Navigation occurs between cards Explicit inter-card navigation modelExplicit inter-card navigation model –Hyperlinks –UI Event handling –History State management and variablesState management and variables –Reduce network traffic –Results in better caching

16. <WML> Acme Inc. Directory Acme Inc. Directory Services Services Email Email Phone Phone Fax Fax </WML> Acme Inc. Directory _____________ Next Services 1>Email 2 Phone 3 Fax ____________ OK A WML Example

17. Wireless Networking Technologies (PAN/LAN) Flarion TechnologiesFlarion Technologies –OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) GSMGSM –3G (A third generation mobile technology) BluetoothBluetooth

18. Bluetooth The Bluetooth wireless technology allows users to make effortless, wireless and instant connections between various communication devices, such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA’s), desktop and notebook computers. It currently provides a 2 Mbps data rate and a range of 500 ft indoors.

19. Bluetooth The Bluetooth radio is built into a small microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. The Bluetooth radio is built into a small microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. Software controls and identity coding built into each microchip ensure that only those units preset by their owners can communicate. Software controls and identity coding built into each microchip ensure that only those units preset by their owners can communicate. The Bluetooth wireless technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. The Bluetooth wireless technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.

20. POP QUIZ 1.WAP enables mobile phone users to retrieve information from the internet TRUE FALSE 

21. POP QUIZ 2. WML and WMLScript are based on HTML and Javascript. TRUE FALSE 

22. POP QUIZ 3. Which of the following is not a layer protocol in WAP ? A. WDP B. WTP C. HTTP D. WSP 

23. POP QUIZ 4. WAP will not provide an interface to voice-mail or prepaid systems. TRUE FALSE 

24. POP QUIZ 5. What does WAP stand for? A.Wired American People B.Wireless Appliance Programming C.Wacky Amish Pandas D.Wireless Application Protocol 

25. Questions ? Comments ? Snide Remarks ?