THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS. FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE  Lack of centralized government  No control over military forces  Fractured religiously.

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Presentation transcript:

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS

FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE  Lack of centralized government  No control over military forces  Fractured religiously

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE  Religious conflict  Huguenots (French Calvinists) v. Catholics  Unable to make permanent peace St. Barthelomew’s Day Massacre, 1572

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: CHAOS & VIOLENCE  POLITIQUES: Champions of secular power  Jean Bodin: Theory of Sovereignty  Henry of Navarre = Henry IV (r ) Issues EDICT OF NANTES (1598) Founds Bourbon dynasty

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: UNIFICIATION & CENTRALIZATION  Henry IV & the rebuilding of France  “a chicken in every pot”  built up central government  laid foundations for absolutism  But assassinated in 1610 Assassination of Henry IV, 1610

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS FRANCE: UNIFICATION & CENTRALIZATION  Regency of Marie de Medici,  Nobility & clergy force calling of Estates General  But Marie dissolves it in 1614  Not called again until French Revolution (1789)

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES  Disarray & decline  Increasing religious conflict  Habsburgs trying to centralize authority

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES  THIRTY YEARS WAR ( )  Catholics v. Protestants  Emperor v. states  International conflict

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES  THIRTY YEARS WAR ( )  Conflict began in Bohemia (Czech lands)  Spread to other Protestant regions  Spain enters war to help Holy Roman Emperor Defenestration at Prague, 1618 Ferdinand II

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES  THIRTY YEARS WAR ( )  King of Denmark joins to support Protestants  Swedes also champion Protestant cause  Catholic France enters on Protestant side (!) Christian IV of Denmark Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Louis XIII of France

THE AGE OF RELIGIOUS WARS WAR IN THE GERMAN STATES  PEACE OF WESTPHALIA  Allowed states to chose religion  Holy Roman Empire virtually dissolved  German states gain sovereignty  Redrew map of Europe  War extremely destructive