2. The Reformation and Christianity

3. Effects of the Reformation The Big Idea The Reformation changed religion in Europe and led to political and cultural conflicts. 7.9.3 7.9.4

4. Religious Division  Main Idea 1: Religious division occurred within Europe and the Americas.

5. Religious Division  At the beginning of the 1500s, nearly all of Europe was Catholic; however, by 1600 things had changed.  While most of southern Europe was Catholic, the northern areas were Protestant. (Look at the map on the next slide)

6. Religious Division  In Spain and southern Europe, nearly everyone was still Catholic.  In northern countries such as England, Scotland, Norway, and Sweden, people were mostly Protestant.  In the Holy Roman Empire, each prince chose the religion for his territory, so it became a patchwork of different kingdoms, some Protestant and some Catholic.

8. Religious Division  European missionaries and pilgrims brought Christianity to North and South America. Most of the European missionaries were Catholic The British colonies, which became America’s first states, were mainly protestant. Some Protestant & Catholic missionaries tried to spread Christianity to Native Americans too.

9. Religious Wars in France  Main Idea 2: Religious wars broke out between Protestants and Catholics.

10. Religious Wars in France  Disagreements about religion and violence often went hand in hand. Sometimes the disagreements were political, but mostly they were religious.

11. Religious Wars in France  Protestants in France were called Huguenots.  The Huguenots and the Catholics began a war when the Catholic king decided to rid France of all Protestants.  After many years of conflict, the king finally decided to allow Protestants to stay in France, but only in certain towns. a Huguenot cross Wipe them out, all of them

12. Religious Wars in France  Fighting broke out again in France but was ended by the Edict of Nantes, which granted religious freedom to the Protestants in France. The Edict of Nantes was a peace treaty that ended the war when it was signed. Woo-hoo

13. Religious Wars in the Holy Roman Empire  Major violence in the Holy Roman Empire began when unhappy Protestants threw two Catholic officials out of a window in Prague.  The king decided to close all the Protestant churches. This led to the Thirty Years’ War, a long series of wars that involved many of the countries in Europe.

14. A map of the Holy Roman Empire and its many different forms of Christianity.

15. Religious Wars in the Holy Roman Empire  The war grew, and the king had to call on other countries to come to his aid.  After thirty years of fighting, an agreement was reached—The Treaty of Westphalia. The signing of the Treaty of Westphalia ended the religious war in the Holy Roman Empire.

16. Religious Wars in the Holy Roman Empire  The Treaty of Westphalia allowed rulers to decide whether their countries would be Catholic or Protestant. The states of Germany became independent with no single rule, ending the Holy Roman Empire. A map showing the small states that were made up, after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire. The next slide has a larger version of this map.

17. A map showing the small states that were made up, after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire.

18. Social Changes  Main Idea 3: Social changes were a result of the Reformation.

19. Social Changes  In the Catholic Church, clergy made all of the decisions about the church.  In the Protestant Church common people began to make decisions about their churches. After gaining that power, common people also wanted political power. I’ve got the power

21. Social Changes  Local towns began to govern themselves, and the national government had to share power. The sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government is called federalism. Washington D.C. is the home to Americas strong central government. The home to California’s state government is in Sacramento.

22. Social Changes Copernicus GalileoNewton  On an individual level, people began to think more for themselves and to investigate on their own. (some of the smartest men ever to live)

23. Causes & Effects of the Reformation