Cell Structures and Functions Topics to be covered in Year 10 Biology: Cell Structure Structure of DNA DNA History DNA Replication Genes & DNA Chromosomes Mitosis & Meiosis Genotype & Phenotype Inheritance Using Punnet Squares & Pedigrees Gene Technology & Ethics Geological Time Natural Selection Evolution Biology Excursion at CSIRO booked for Wednesday 26 March

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane

Cell Membrane Outer boundary of cell Protects the cell Is like a security guard Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cytoplasm Fluid within cell that supports all organelles Moves materials throughout the cell

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: Controls most activities in the cell Contains all genetic information in the form of DNA. Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosome's

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosome's Function: Makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Prokaryotic – bacterial cells, nucleic acid not contained in nucleus Eukaryotic – plant and animal cells Transports materials between the cytoplasm and nucleus May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER Proteins are vital to life- all cells must produce them

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell Series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes Rough ER has ribosome's attached

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosome's Function: helps make proteins Smooth ER: No ribosome's Function: makes fats or lipids

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosome's Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosome's Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Golgi Complex Nickname: The chef Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Cells that make saliva or mucus have many Golgi bodies

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: Circular, but bigger than ribosome's Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” or a shredder Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells Found in Golgi bodies Contain digestive enzymes to digest unwanted particles Help white blood cells to destroy bacteria

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy Many mitochondria in muscle cells

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles Function: Stores water, food or waste Nickname: Storage cupboard This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts (Plastids) Function: Traps energy from the sun to produce glucose for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Cell Wall Function: Provides support and protection to the cell membrane Only found in plant cells Adds protection and support Made of cellulose. Allows water and dissolved substances to pass through.

Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosome's Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells