The 7 th meeting of the WMO/THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observing System (DAOS) Working Group Montreal, Canada, th August 2014 Update on Satellite Observations Roger Saunders and Chris Velden Current Status Future Geostationary Future Polar Update on AMVs

Current Status Operational geostationary satellites – USA: GOES-13 (East), -15 (West), GOES-14 spare EUMETSAT: METEOSAT-10 (0 Deg.) & -7 (Indian Ocean); & -9 (R/S), Super R/S experiments with -8 at 2.5 min intervals for limited periods. India/ISRO: Kalpana & INSAT-3D CMA:FY-2E & F; KMA:COMS; Russia:Electro-L N1; JMA:MTSAT-2 Operational polar satellites – Suomi-NPP data being used operationally in NWP centres (ATMS, CrIS rads) with good impacts. METOP-A/B IASI and AMSU-A/MHS data being assimilated. GCOM-W1 (Japan) AMSR-2 proving a good replacement for AMSR-E FY-3C (China) New MW channels at 118GHz. Monitoring shows data are good quality ASCAT and Oceansat-2 providing scatt-derived winds. Cosmic constellation providing GPS-RO bending angles (1 satellite died)

© Crown copyright Met Office Scatterometer use in Met Office Global NWP InstrumentAssimilated fromProductStatus ASCAT-A/B Nov 2007 (Metop-A) April 2013 (Metop-B) OSI-SAF Level 2 BUFR 25-km wind product produced by KNMI Operational WindSat Nov 2008 Native EDR files received from NRL and processed in-house to produce a level 2 BUFR product at approx 50 km resolution. Operational OSCAT Jan 2013 to Feb 2014OSI-SAF Level 2 BUFR 50-km wind product produced by KNMI Failed Pre loss of OSCAT Data coverage now

Future Geostationary Satellites EUMETSAT Meteosat Third Generation Imager/ Sounder Launch in 2017/20, six satellites in series, 3 axis stabilised High spectral IR Sounder (IRS): and cm channel VIS+IR Imager (FCI): 10min scan, 2km fov Lightning Imager (LI) UVNS Sounder for atmospheric chemistry (Sentinel-4) FCI and LI on first MTG sat; IRS and UVNS on second NESDIS GOES-R Series -R launch slipped to 2016 (West), -S launch in 2017 (East) Advanced Imager Lightning Mapper (some tech issues) Space Weather instrument suite for more detailshttp:// JMA Himawari-8 launch Sep 2014 (with ABI instruments), operational 2015; -9 launch in 2016 CMA FY-4 series (IR Sounder, MW Sounder): launches KMA COMS-Next for geostationary environmental monitoring (~2018) ISRO INSAT-3D operational, AMVs available Russia HydroMet – Electro-L N2 launch in Dec 14

Future Polar Satellites ESA: Aeolus Doppler wind lidar ‘launch-ready’ in JPSS: JPSS-1 2Q 2017 launch in PM orbit followed by JPSS-2. GPM-core: Launched to replace aging TRMM for precip (see later) NASA: RapidScat on ISS for scatt winds, 2014 COSMIC-2 GPS-RO (6 low-inclination satellites approved, high- inclination awaiting funding from US side) Canada: PCW, Status? EUMETSAT:-Second Generation polar orbiter close to approval. CMA: FY-3D (2015), FY-3E (2017, early morning orbit?), FY-3F (2019) JMA: GCOM-C (2014?)

GEO AMVs NESDIS: GOES hourly AMV dissemination from May 14 EUMETSAT: Meteosat-10 low level AMVs improved JMA: Rapid scan AMVs expected when Himawari-8 goes operational (focused around Japan) INSAT-3D: AMVs now available CMA: FY-2E AMVs available UW-CIMSS/SSEC: Reprocessing of GOES AMVs (back to 1995); Delivery in 2014 for use in reanalyses

Polar AMVs Product Suite MODIS Aqua and Terra separately Aqua and Terra combined Direct broadcast (DB) at –McMurdo, Antarctica (Terra, Aqua) –Tromsø, Norway (Terra) –Sodankylä, Finland (Terra) –Fairbanks, Alaska (MODIS discontinued) EW AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) for NOAA- 15, -18, -19 Metop-A, -B HRPT (High Resolution Picture Transmission = direct readout) at –Barrow, Alaska, NOAA-18, -19 –Rothera, Antarctica, NOAA-18, -19 Historical GAC winds, Two satellites throughout most of the time series. Operational LEO-GEO Combination of may geostationary and polar-orbiting imagers Fills the degree latitude gap Quasi-operational (CIMSS) EW VIIRS S-NPP (GOES-R algorithm) Direct broadcast at Fairbanks (heritage algorithm) Notes: 1.NOAA-17 was decommissioned on 10 April AVHRR unusable since March NOAA-16 was decommissioned on 9 June Operational Complete

GPM Constellation Concept GPM Core Observatory (NASA/JAXA, 2014 ) DPR (Ku & Ka band) GMI ( GHz) 65 o Inclination 407 km altitude 5 km best footprint 0.2 – 110 mm/hr and snow Suomi NPP (NASA/NOAA) MetOp B/C (EUMETSAT) JPSS-1 (NOAA) DMSP F17/F18/F19/F20 (DOD) GCOM-W1 (JAXA) NOAA 18/19 (NOAA) Megha-Tropiques (CNES/ISRO) Next-Generation Unified Global Precipitation Products Using GPM Core Observatory as Reference Precipitation rates everywhere in the world every three hours 8 TRMM (NASA/JAXA)

9 Page These are the first publically released images from GPM. The images show precipitation falling inside a March 10 extratropical cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean, approximately 1,000 miles east of Japan. GPM Core: First Light Images Released March 25 th 2014 Below: 3D view of precipitation rate inside the extra- tropical cyclone as viewed by the DPR. Vertical resolution is 250 m, horizontal resolution is ~5 km. Above : Image from GMI showing rain rates across a 885 kilometer swath of an extra-tropical cyclone observed on March 10, In the northwest part of the storm, the blue areas indicate falling snow. GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) retrievals Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar data President Obama viewing GPM data 4/24

10 Page GPM Core Observatory: New Scientific Capabilities

11 Page The GPM Core Observatory satellite was successfully launched on February 27th, Data from the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-frequency Precipitation radar (DPR) have the following release schedule. All data are freely available through the NASA's Precipitation Processing System at June 16th – GMI Level 1 Brightness Temperature data have been released. This includes GMI instrument swath data. July 14th – GMI Level 2 Precipitation Rate data have been released. This includes precipitation rates estimated using the Goddard Profiling algorithm (GPROF14) and are available as swath data. Early September – DPR Level 2 precipitation rate data will be released via PPS and JAXA. This includes three-dimensional swath data from the DPR Ka and Ku band radars. Mid-September - The DPR-GMI Level 2 combined product will be released. December 2014 – NASA’s Level 3 Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) will be released with all available data. This gridded product will have a resolution of 0.1 degrees and updated every 30 minutes from 60 ⁰ N-60 ⁰ S.

© Crown copyright Met Office FSO: data for April-July 2013 total impact, by observation type

© Crown copyright Met Office The cost-benefit chain observing system impact per cost services Application Areas users indirect users of obs M$ cost M$ benefit benefit per impact direct users of obs

© Crown copyright Met Office The 7 th meeting of the WMO/THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observing System (DAOS) Working Group Montreal, Canada, th August 2014 Questions? Current Status Future Geostationary Future Polar Update on AMVs