1. NASA Headquarters Update Ramesh Kakar Aqua Program Scientist September 23, 2014

2. R.Kakar/NASA HQ

5. GPM Launched 2/27/14! 5 GPM launching from Tanegashima, Japen – 2/28/14 GPM climbing to its altitude just over 400 km US Ambassador Caroline Kennedy speaking after launch GPM Program Scientist Ramesh Kakar speaking in Japan NASA TV Coverage of GPM launch with Daliia Kirschbaum (left) and Aries Keck (right) “Launch party” for GPM at NASA Goddard Visitors’ Center

6. GPM’s International Scope Active Joint Projects (19 PI’s from 13 countries)

7. Page 7 GPM KDP-E, February 12, 2014 Core Observation Geometry and Instruments Orbit: 407 km; 65 degree inclination GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) –Passive microwave radiometer with hot and cold calibration, includes novel calibration engineering –Provides measurements of precipitation (rain and snow) intensity and distribution over wide swath (880 km) –High spatial resolution (down to ~5km footprints) –166 Kg, 162 W, 34.9 Kbs Science,1.2 m diameter reflector Dual-frequency (Ku-Ka band) Precipitation Radar (DPR) –KuPR similar to TRMM, KaPR added for GPM –Provides three-dimensional measurements of precipitation structure, precipitation particle size distribution (PSD) and precipitation intensity and distribution –High spatial resolution (5km footprints) KuPRKaPR Frequency 13.597, 13.603 GHz 35.547, 35.553 GHz Min. detectable rainfall rate 0.5 mm/hr0.2 mm/hr Data Rate< 109 kbps< 81 kbps Mass< 472 kg< 336kg Power Consumption < 446 W< 344 W Size2.5 × 2.4 × 0.6 m1.2 × 1.4 × 0.7 m GMI Frequencies GMI Polarizations 10.65 GHzV/H 18.7 GHzV/H 23.8 GHzV 36.5 GHzV/H 89 GHzV/H 166 GHzV/H 183 GHzVa/Vb (±3 & ±7)

8. The GMI on GPM’s Core Observatory has a 1.2 m reflector receiver dish, larger than TRMM’s TMI at 0.6 m, providing finer spatial resolution for more precipitation detail. The Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory GMI versus TMI Resolution 10 GHz192336 TMI48 km242213 GMI26151211 10V GMI 10V TMI 19V GMI 19V TMI 23V GMI 23V TMI 36V GMI 36V TMI

9. NASA and JAXA have released the first images captured by the GPM Core Observatory, which launched on Feb. 27, 2014. The images show precipitation falling inside a March 10 cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean, approximately 1,000 miles east of Japan. The data were collected by the GPM Core Observatory's two instruments: JAXA's Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), which provided a three-dimensional cross-section of the storm; and, NASA's GPM Microwave Imager (GMI), which observed precipitation across a broad swath. GPM, a partnership between NASA and JAXA, will set a new standard for precipitation measurements from space, providing the next-generation observations of rain and snow worldwide. GPM data will be made available to the general public by September, 2014. The Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory First Light Images, March 25 th 2014 Below: 3D view of precipitation rate inside the extra-tropical cyclone as viewed by the DPR. www.nasa.gov/gpm Above: Image from GMI showing rain rates across a 885 kilometer swath of an extra-tropical cyclone observed on March 10, 2014. Red areas indicate heavy rainfall, while yellow and blue indicate less intense rainfall. In the northwest part of the storm, the blue areas indicate falling snow. Bottom Right: The GMI instrument has 13 channels, each sensitive to different types of precipitation. Click here for DPR Animation Click here for GMI Animation

10. The images show that NASA's GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) is able to detect and estimate both liquid rain and falling snow over land. This event occurred March 17, 2014 at 04:18 UTC and it caused more than 7” of snow in Washington, DC. The Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory Falling Snow as Observed by GMI Bottom Left: GMI retrievals of liquid rain (greens to reds indicate light to heavy rain) and falling snow (blue shading). Bottom Right: Ground “truth” from NOAA’s National Mosaic & Multi-Sensor QPE (CONUS 3D radar mosaic at 1km resolution).

11. The GPM Core Observatory was specifically designed to detect falling snow. The images show that NASA's GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) is able to detect and estimate both liquid rain and falling snow over land. This event occurred March 16, 2014 at 05:14 UTC. The Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory Falling Snow as Observed by GMI Bottom Left: GMI retrievals of liquid rain (greens to reds indicate light to heavy rain) and falling snow (blue shading). Bottom Right: Ground “truth” from NOAA’s National Mosaic & Multi-Sensor QPE (CONUS 3D radar mosaic at 1km resolution).

12. Nice GPM Result

13. NASA Earth Science Fleet 2014 R.Kakar/NASA HQ

14. Decadal Survey Venture Line EV-:S Sustained Sub- Orbital Investigations EV-I: Full function, facility-class instruments Missions of Opportunity (MoO) EV-M: Complete, self- contained, small missions EV-M specifically allows NASA’s ESD to pursue higher risk (Class D missions) with high potential science return 14 “… As part of this strategy, to restore more frequent launch opportunities and to facilitate the demonstration of innovative ideas and higher-risk technologies, NASA should create a new Venture class of low-cost research and application missions (~$100M to $200M). These missions should focus on fostering revolutionary innovation and on training future leaders of space-based Earth science and applications.

15. Earth Venture-2 (CYGNSS) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System Principal Investigator: Chris Ruf University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Cost: NASA – $150M BY14, Launch ~October 2016 CYGNSS Science Goal – Understand the coupling between ocean surface properties, moist atmospheric thermodynamics, radiation, and convective dynamics in the inner core of a tropical cyclone (TC) CYGNSS Objectives – Measure ocean surface wind speed in all precipitating conditions, including those experienced in the TC eyewall – Measure ocean surface wind speed in the TC inner core with sufficient frequency to resolve genesis and rapid intensification Game Changing Capabilities – Traditional satellite remote sensing of surface winds cannot penetrate intense precipitation Active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensors operate at 1-5 cm wavelength – too much scattering and attenuation – Traditional LEO polar orbiters have >12 hr revisit time – too infrequent to observe rapid intensive phase of TC development CYGNSS uses a new measurement technique and a new satellite mission architecture

16. NASA Hurricane Field Experiments 199820012005 2006 2010 Field programs coordinated with other Federal Agencies NASA sponsored field campaigns have helped us develop a better understanding of many hurricane properties including inner core dynamics, rapid intensification and genesis 2012-2014* * Years of field deployment only

17. JPL High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) –Microwave radiometer for 3-D all-weather temperature and water vapor sounding, similar to AMSU on NOAA platform –25 sounding channels in three bands: 50-60 GHz, 118 GHz, 183 GHz Cross track scanning –+ 45 o off nadir –40 km swath at 20 km –2 km resolution Flew in CAMEX-4, TCSP, NAMMA, GRIP and HS3 JPL High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) Upgraded for Global Hawk operations under NASA AITT New state of the art receiver technology (developed under ESTO/ACT) Upgraded data system for real time communication Compact instrument packaging