Stress & Health Psychology CHAPTER 3 Stress & Health Psychology PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Lecture Overview Understanding Stress Stress & Illness Health Psychology in Action Health & Stress Management ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress What is stress? Nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it; the arousal, both physical & mental, to situations or events that we perceive as threatening or challenging ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Life Changes: life events that require some adjustment in behavior or lifestyle ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

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Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Chronic Stress: state of ongoing arousal in which the parasympathetic system cannot activate the relaxation response ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Job Stress: work related stress, including role conflict & burnout ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Job Stress Role conflict: forced choice between two or more different & incompatible role demands ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Job Stress Burnout: state of psychological & physical exhaustion resulting from chronic exposure to high levels of stress & little personal control ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Hassles: small, everyday problems that accumulate to become a major source of stress ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Pause & Reflect: Psychology at Work ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Frustration: unpleasant tension resulting from a blocked goal Conflict: forced choice between two or more incompatible goals or impulses ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Three Types of Conflict Approach-Approach: forced choice between two or more desirable alternatives Avoidance-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more undesirable alternatives Approach-Avoidance: forced choice between two or more alternatives both having desirable & undesirable results ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Pause & Reflect: Assessment Assuming this man is attracted to one of these three women, is he experiencing an approach-approach, approach-avoidance, or avoidance-avoidance conflict? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Sources of Stress (Continued) Cataclysmic Events: stressors that occur suddenly & generally affect many people simultaneously ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) SAM System (Sympatho-Adreno-Medullary): initial, fast-acting stress response HPA Axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical): Body’s delayed stress response, which if extended may lead to impairment of the immune system and increased vulnerability to disease ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress HPA Axis SAM System ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Stress & Cognitive Functioning: Stress can interfere with retrieval of memories, laying down of new memories, & general information processing ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Alarm Resistance Exhaustion ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Understanding Stress: Effects of Stress (Continued) Psychoneuro- immunology: interdisciplinary field that studies the effect of psychological & other factors on the immune system ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Stress & Illness Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): anxiety disorder following extraordinary stress Gastric Ulcers: caused by bacteria or stress? Or both? Cancer: related to genetic predisposition & environmental factors Cardiovascular Disorders: related to stress hormones, personality types, & certain behaviors ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Stress & Illness--PTSD (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Table 3.5 PTSD (Continued) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Pause & Reflect: Assessment Briefly describe Selye’s three stage General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). _____ is an anxiety disorder following extraordinary stress. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Health Psychology in Action Biological Health Psychology: studies how biological, psychological, & social factors interact in health & illness (the biopsychosocial model) Social Psychological ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Health Psychology in Action Major Health Risks: Tobacco Alcohol & Binge Drinking Chronic Pain (lasting over 6 months) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Pause & Reflect: Psychology at Work Smokers often overestimate their risk of dying from homicide & traffic accidents, while greatly underestimating their risk from smoking. Studying Chapter 3 helps overcome these faulty beliefs. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Health & Stress Management Two initial steps in coping with stress: Primary Appraisal & then Secondary Appraisal Two choices after secondary appraisal: Emotion-Focused (managing one’s emotional reactions to stress) Problem-Focused (dealing directly with a stressor to decrease or eliminate it) ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Health & Stress Management— Cognitive Appraisal & Coping ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Resources for Healthy Living Health & Exercise Positive Beliefs Social Skills Social Support Material Resources Control (Internal Locus of Control) Relaxation Sense of Humor ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking Considering these eight resources for health & stress management, which resource do you most often use? Which one do you use least often? Why? ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010

Stress & Health Psychology End of CHAPTER 3 Stress & Health Psychology PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010