World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water Overview of WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Programme And Activities in Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems By Maryam Golnaraghi, Ph.D. Chief of Disaster Risk Reduction Programme MeteoAlarm Meeting Geneva, Switzerland June 22-23, WMO

DRR Programme Strategic Foundation WMO Strategic Plan Hyogo Framework for Action WMO Strategic Goals in Disaster Risk Reduction

DRR Strategic Goals - Key Words Approved by CG - XV 1.Analyzing and providing hazard information for risk assessment 2.Strengthening and sustainability of multi-hazard early warning systems 3.Delivery of timely and understandable warnings and specialized forecasts -- driven by user requirements 4.Strengthening WMO/NMHS cooperation and partnerships with disaster risk reduction organizations 5. Public outreach campaigns

WMO Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction Approved by CG - XV To implement DRR priorities through regional and national projects, with following end results: 1. Modernized NMHSs and observing networks. 2.Strengthened national operational multi-hazard early warning systems. 3.Strengthened hazard analysis and hydro-meteorological risk assessment capacities. 4.Strengthened NMHSs cooperation and partnerships with civil protection and disaster risk management agencies. 5.Trained management and staff of NMHS 6.Enhanced ministerial and public awareness

NMHS Role within the National Disaster Risk Management Framework Derived from Hyogo Framework for Action New Paradigm in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Risk TransferRisk Identification Historical/real-time hazard databases, analysis and modeling of changing hazard trends Exposed assets & vulnerability Risk quantification PREPAREDNESS: early warning systems emergency planning /response MITIGATION AND PREVENTION: Medium to long term sectoral planning (e.g. building resilient infrastructure) CAT insurance & bonds Weather Risk Management Other emerging products Risk Reduction Information and Knowledge Sharing Education and training Governance and Organizational Coordination and Cooperation

New Emerging Opportunities for NMHS in DRM Traditionally, disaster risk management has been focused on post disaster response in most countries! Adoption of Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005 is leading to a new paradigm in disaster risk management based on preparedness and preventions through risk assessment, risk reduction and risk transfer Implementation of the new paradigm in DRM would require meteorological, hydrological and climate products and services!

Challenges for NMHS As national DRM programmes, plans, and legislation are being developed or amended to accommodate the new paradigm: 1) How to generate the demand for NMHS contributions and engage them in the process? 2) How can NMHS meet these needs?

National Capacity Assessment Survey (2006) Assessing NMHSs’ Capacities, Gaps and Needs for DRM 1.Hazards affecting WMO Members 2.National policies and legislation in DRM and role of NMHS 3.Infrastructure & institutional capacities for monitoring and forecasting 4.NMHS Technical capacities & needs 5.Extent of operational partnerships between NMHS and their DRM partners The WMO Country-Level survey assessed:

139 /187 Countries responded 74% response rate 24/52 54 % 25/34 74 % 10/12 83 % 18/22 82 % 14/19 74 % 44/48 92 % National DRR Capacity Assessment Survey (2006) Country Responses

National DRR Capacity Assessment Survey (2006) Country Responses Scope Number of surveys received Total number of countries % Response Global (WMO Members) % Developing countries % Least Developed countries255050% Africa (RA I)285254% Asia (RA II)253474% South America (RA III)101283% Central and North America (RA IV)182282% South-West Pacific (RA V)141974% Europe (RA VI)444892%

National DRR Capacity Assessment Survey (2006) NMHS Category Planning & Legislation Infrastructure Observation Forecasting Telecom. Technical Capacities Partnerships & Concept of Operations % countries 1Need for development in all areas 12 2Need for improvements in all areas 42 3 Self sufficient Need for improvements in these areas 26 4 Self sufficient Could benefit from sharing of good practices practices and guidelines 20 Under estimated Around 60% of the NMHS are challenged in meeting needs in DRM!

Development of demand for services of NMHS by the governments and other stakeholders in Disaster Risk Management that would result in resources to develop and sustain NMHS capacities overtime! Ability to address this challenge would require ….

How is WMO filling the DRR gap to assist its Members?

To Engage NMHS in National DRM, WMO Needs to Establish Strategic Partnerships with Agencies that Influence the National DRM Programmes and Funding Partners Agency TypeCoordination National DRR Implementation Funding World Bank (& GFDRR) Development XX ISDR Coordination XX UNDP Development XX WFP Humanitarian Development XXX UN- OCHA, UNHCR Humanitarian XX IFRC Humanitarian XX European Commission Donor X

Project TypesOutcomes WMO Programmes and Commissions Technical Guidelines: - Standardization of hazard monitoring, archiving and mapping tools (Floods, Droughts, Storm Surge, other met hazards) - Hazard modelling and forecasting (Sorm Surges, Heat/Health) Support NMHS hazard- specific technical capacity development projects and training HWR / CHy AgM/ CAgM MMOP/ JCOMM WCP/ CCL Technical Capacity Development of NMHS: Enhanced capacities of NMHS to operate hazard- specific tools, methodologies, for early warnings and hazard analysis GDPFS/PWS/CBS HWR/CHy MMOP/HWR/CHY/JCO MM AREP/CAS AgM/CAgM - Severe Weather Forecast Demo and Nowcasting - Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) - Storm Surge Watch - Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) - Drought Monitoring and warnings Projects for NMHS Technical Capacity Development (Lead by Technical Programmes and Commissions) Essential but not sufficient to address demand for NMHS at the national level!

Criteria for Project Development (1) A lignment with WMO Strategic goals related to disaster risk reduction (2)Built on priorities, requirements and needs at regional, sub-regional, or country-grouping levels (3)Involve integrated planning, budgeting, implementation (leveraging WMO and partners’ expertise and resources) (4)Result-based approach (Outcomes, deliverables, timelines) (5)Must be scalable (6)Ensure sustainability of capacities overtime (6)Ensure end-to-end solutions to the Members leading to better decision- making capacities (7)Extra-Budgetary resource mobilization strategy for implementation (if needed)

Identification of Good Practices Documentation of Good Practices and learning Lessons Development of Guidelines for EWS implementation based on Lessons Learnt Projects Implementation of end-to-end EWS projects (planning, institutional coordination, operations) Sharing of good practices WMO is working with partners to assist its Members in Early Warning Systems Building Capacities and sharing experiences and lessons’ learnt

Meteorological Hydrological Geological Marine Health, Agriculture, Environment, (etc.)… COORDINATION AMONG NATIONAL MINISTRIES, AGENCIES & SERVICES feedback Community Preparedness warnings National to local governments disaster risk management supported by disaster risk reduction plans, legislation and coordination mechanisms warnings feedback Effective Early Warning System involves warnings preventive actions

Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Example 1: France Vigilance System Strong wind Strong rainfall Thunderstorm Snow/Ice Avalanches Heat waves Initiated in coordination by Météo- France and French civil security, Vigilance system activates cascades of preparedness and response plans, actions and responsibilities Legislation Planning Organizational linkages Training and feedback + NEW: Flood warning map national to local authorities Hazards Level of warning

Example 2: Cyclone Preparedness Programme in Bangladesh

Example 3: Cuba Cyclone Early Warning Small country, 99% access to media (radio & TV), coordinated top-down warning and response mechanisms Warning

Example 4: Shanghai City Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Emergency Response Programme (Mega City) Governance : (mega) city-level. Organisational: Top-down (monitoring, forecasting, warning) and bottom-up Operational: Community-based + high tech monitoring and alerting tools Multi-Hazard Approach: Services are specialized but shared for alert dissemination and response mechanisms.

Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems and Emergency Response Operations Two International Symposiums on MH-EWS (Geneva May 2006, and Toulouse May 2009) –Accomplished to date: Developed criteria for good practices in EWS and template for documentation Four good practices in Multi-Hazard EWS Documented –Cuba, France, China/Shanghai, Bangladesh Guidelines on “Capacity Development in Multi-Hazard EWS with focus on Institutional Coordination and NMHS,” nearly finalized Training package being published to be used in training workshops associated with pilot projects –Recommendations for Next Steps: Continue systematic documentation of other practices Need to address Trans-boundary issues Guidelines on Concept of Operations and Sustainability of EWS This work is being linked to Humanitarian agencies

DRR and MH-EWS Partnership Pilot Projects (With high government recognition) RA I RA II RA III RA IV RA V RA VI SWFDP/ South and Southeast / Flash Flood GuidanceEnd-to-end MHEWS Shanghai MH-EWS DRR Pilot Central Asia and Caucasus: 7 countries (World Bank, UNDP, ISDR, WMO) DRR Pilot South East Europe: 8 countries (World Bank, UNDP, ISDR, WMO) DRR Pilot South East Asia: 5 countries (World Bank, UNDP, ISDR, WMO) MH – EWS Pilot Central America: 3 countries (World Bank, UNDP, ISDR, WMO, NOAA, IFRC)

Mapping of the partnership Projects over the Technical Capacity Development Projects Technical Capacity Development of NMHS Pilot Projects on National EWS Partnerships & ConOps (World Bank, UNDP, IFRC, ISDR) Good Practice Documentation Shanghai Multi Hazards EWS Demonstration Project Comprehensive modernisation and DRM capacity development and Partnerships (WB, UNDP, ISDR, UNDP)

For more information please contact: Maryam Golnaraghi, Ph.D. Chief of Disaster Risk Reduction Programme World Meteorological Organization Tel Fax Thank You