Face Clinical points. Muscles of facial expression. Nerve supply (sensory, motor). Arterial supply. Venous Drainage. Lymph drainage. Clinical points.

Skin of the face Posses numerous sweat and sebaceous glands. Connected to the underlying bones by loose connective tissue. No deep fascia in the face. Muscles of facial expression are located in the superficial fascia of the face. Wrinkles occurs perpendicular to line of muscle contraction. Surgical incision is done through the wrinkle lines.

Sensory Nerves of Face From ophthalmic nerve: Lacrimal (lateral palpebral) nerve. Supraorbital nerve. Supratrochlear nerve. Infratrochlear nerve. External nasal nerve.

Sensory Nerves of Face From Maxillary nerve: Infraorbital nerve. Zygomatico-facial nerve. Zygomatico-temporal nerve.

Sensory Nerves of Face From Mandibular nerve: Mental nerve. Buccal nerve. Auriculo-temporal nerve.

Sensory Nerves of Face From cervical plexus: Great auricular nerve (from C2 and C3 from cervical plexus) supplies the area of skin over the angle of the mandible and parotid gland.

Motor Nerves of Face From facial nerve: Temporal branch. Zygomatic branch. Buccal branch. Mandibular branch. Cervical branch.

Arterial Supply of Face Facial artery: Branch of external carotid artery. Curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the antero-inferior angle of masseter muscle (site to feel its pulsation). Has a tortuous course in the face. Directed upward and medial till the angle of the mouth then ascends on the side of the nose till the medial angle of the eye. Branches in the face: Submental artery. Inferior labial artery. Superior labial artery. Lateral nasal artery.

Arterial Supply of Scalp Superficial temporal artery: One of the two terminal branchs of external carotid artery. Ascends from behind the neck of the mandible to be distributed over the temple, face and auricle. Branches in the face: Transverse facial artery. Supraorbital artery (from ophthalmic from internal carotid artery). Supratrochlear artery (from ophthalmic from internal carotid artery). Small arteries accompanying the nerves: lacrimal, dorsal nasal, zygomatico-facial, zygomatico-temporal, infraorbital, mental and buccal arteries.

Venous Drainage of Scalp Supratrochlear vein (angular vein  facial v.). Supraorbital v. (angular vein  facial v.) Facial vein (with anterior division of retromandibular, they form the common facial vein which drains into the internal jugular vein. Superficial temporal vein (retro-mandibular v.). Small veins accomapying the nerves (same like arteries). Facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus through ophthalmic veins and deep facial vein (may spread infection to them)

Lymph Drainage of Face Anterior part of face and forehead  submandibular lymph nodes (buccal lymph nodes in the way). Lateral part of face and eyelids  preauricular (parotid) lymph nodes. Central part of lower lip and skin of the chin  submental lymph nodes.