1. 0PHTHALMIC ARTERY Origin : Origin : From the internal carotid artery after it emerges from the cavernous sinus. From the internal carotid artery after it emerges from the cavernous sinus.

2. COURSE It passes through the optic canal in company with the Optic verve. It passes through the optic canal in company with the Optic verve. It has a triple relation with the nerve. It has a triple relation with the nerve. 1. Lateral. 1. Lateral. 2. Crosses above. 2. Crosses above. 3. Medial 3. Medial

3. BRANCHES 1. Central artery of the retina. 1. Central artery of the retina. It enters the optic nerve by piercing its meninges. It enters the optic nerve by piercing its meninges. It passes through the substance of the nerve. It passes through the substance of the nerve.

4. CENTRAL ARTERY OF THE RETINA It enters the eye ball at the optic disc. It enters the eye ball at the optic disc. Its branches there are end arteries. Its branches there are end arteries.

5. BRANCHES 2. Ciliary arteries 2. Ciliary arteries (a) Anterior group: (a) Anterior group: Enters the eye ball near the corneoscleral junction. Enters the eye ball near the corneoscleral junction. (b) Posterior group (b) Posterior group Enters near the optic nerve. Enters near the optic nerve.

6. BRANCHES 3. Lacrimal : to the lacrimal gland. 3. Lacrimal : to the lacrimal gland. 4. Muscular. 4. Muscular. 5. Terminal : 5. Terminal : Supratrochlear. Supratrochlear. Supraorbital. Supraorbital.

7. OPTHALMIC VEINS Superior opthalmic Superior opthalmic It communicates in front with the facial vein. It communicates in front with the facial vein. Inferior ophthalmic Inferior ophthalmic It communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus through the inferior orbital fissure. It communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus through the inferior orbital fissure.

8. OPTHALMIC VEINS Drainage : Drainage : Backward to the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure. Backward to the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure.

9. OPTIC NERVE It enters the eye ball through the optic canal in company with the opthalmic artery (below and lateral). It enters the eye ball through the optic canal in company with the opthalmic artery (below and lateral).

10. OPTIC NERVE It passes within the cone of the recti muscles. It passes within the cone of the recti muscles.

11. OPTIC NERVE The nerve is surrounded by meninges : pia, arachnoid and dura matter. The nerve is surrounded by meninges : pia, arachnoid and dura matter.

12. OPTIC NERVE It pierces the sclera at a point medial to the posterior pole of the eye ball. It pierces the sclera at a point medial to the posterior pole of the eye ball. Its meninges fuse with the sclera. Its meninges fuse with the sclera. So the subarachnoid space extends as far as the eye ball. So the subarachnoid space extends as far as the eye ball. A rise of pressure of the CSF is transmitted to the back of the eye ball. A rise of pressure of the CSF is transmitted to the back of the eye ball.

13. OPHTHALMIC NERVE It divides within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus into : It divides within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus into : Lacrimal. Lacrimal. Frontal. Frontal. Nasociliary. Nasociliary.

14. LACRIMAL NERVE Course : Course : It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It passes along the upper border of the lateral rectus. It passes along the upper border of the lateral rectus.

15. LACRIMAL NERVE It communicates by a branch of the zygomaticotemp oral nerve. It communicates by a branch of the zygomaticotemp oral nerve. Branches : Branches : Palpebral to the skin of the lateral part of the upper eye lid. Palpebral to the skin of the lateral part of the upper eye lid.

16. TROCHLEAR NERVE It leaves the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It leaves the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. It terminates in the superior oblique. It terminates in the superior oblique.

17. ABDUCENT NERVE It leaves the cavernous sinus. It leaves the cavernous sinus. It enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure (within the tendinous ring). It enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure (within the tendinous ring). It supplies the lateral rectus. It supplies the lateral rectus.

18. ABDUCENT NERVE PALSY

19. SUPERIOR RAMUS OF (111) NERVE It leaves the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It leaves the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring. It enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring.

20. SUPERIOR RAMUS OF (111) NERVE It supplies the superior rectus. It supplies the superior rectus. It pierces it to supply the It pierces it to supply the levator palpebrae superioris. levator palpebrae superioris.

21. INFERIOR DIVISION OF (111) NERVE It gives motor supply to: It gives motor supply to: Medial rectus. Medial rectus. Inferior rectus. Inferior rectus. Inferior oblique. Inferior oblique. The nerve to inferior oblique gives a branch to the ciliary ganglion. The nerve to inferior oblique gives a branch to the ciliary ganglion.

22. CILIARY GANGLION It is a parasympathetic ganglion. It is a parasympathetic ganglion. It lies lateral to the optic nerve. It lies lateral to the optic nerve. Preganglionic : Preganglionic : From the oculomotor nerve (through nerve to inferior oblique). From the oculomotor nerve (through nerve to inferior oblique).

23. CILIARY GANGLION Postganglionic : Postganglionic : Pass with the short ciliary nerves to supply: Pass with the short ciliary nerves to supply: Sphincter pupillae. Sphincter pupillae. Ciliary muscle. Ciliary muscle. Sympathetic fibers pass through the ganglion without relay. Sympathetic fibers pass through the ganglion without relay.

24. FRONTAL NERVE It arises from the ophthalmic nerve within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It arises from the ophthalmic nerve within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It enters the orbit through the upper part of the superior orbital fissure. It enters the orbit through the upper part of the superior orbital fissure.

25. FRONTAL NERVE It passes superiorly to lie between the levator palpebrae superioris and the roof of the orbit. It passes superiorly to lie between the levator palpebrae superioris and the roof of the orbit.

26. FRONTAL NERVE It divides into : It divides into : 1. Supratochlear : 1. Supratochlear : It pasases above the trochlea of superior oblique. It pasases above the trochlea of superior oblique. It supplies the skin of the fore head. It supplies the skin of the fore head.

27. FRONTAL NERVE 2. supraorbital: 2. supraorbital: It is larger. It is larger. It supplies the skin of the forehead lateral to the supratrochlear and the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. It supplies the skin of the forehead lateral to the supratrochlear and the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus.

28. NASOCILIARY NERVE It enters the orbit through the lower part of the inferior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring. It enters the orbit through the lower part of the inferior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring. It crosses above the optic nerve to get the medial wall of the orbit. It crosses above the optic nerve to get the medial wall of the orbit.

29. NASOCILIARY NERVE It runs along the upper margin of medial rectus. It runs along the upper margin of medial rectus. It terminates by dividing into : It terminates by dividing into : Infratrochlear. Infratrochlear. Anterior ethmoidal. Anterior ethmoidal.

30. BRANCHES 1. Communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion : 1. Communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion : Sensory fibers pass from the eye ball through the short ciliary nerves to the ciliary ganglion. Sensory fibers pass from the eye ball through the short ciliary nerves to the ciliary ganglion. Then to the nasociliary nerve through the communicating branch. Then to the nasociliary nerve through the communicating branch.

31. BRANCHES 2. Ciliary : 2. Ciliary : They accompany the short ciliary nerves. They accompany the short ciliary nerves. They carry sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle. They carry sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle.

32. BRANCHES 3. Posterior Ethmoidal: 3. Posterior Ethmoidal: It supplies the ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses. It supplies the ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses.

33. BRANCHES 4. Anterior Ethmoidal : 4. Anterior Ethmoidal : It passes through the upper part of the cribriform plate. It passes through the upper part of the cribriform plate. It enters the nasal cavity and supplies its mucous membrane. It enters the nasal cavity and supplies its mucous membrane. It terminates on the face as External nasal. It terminates on the face as External nasal.

34. BRANCHES 5. Infratochlear : 5. Infratochlear : It is below the trochlea of superior oblique. It is below the trochlea of superior oblique. It supplies the skin of the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjacent part of the nose. It supplies the skin of the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjacent part of the nose.