Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. MICHAEL D. JOHNSON HUMAN IMPACTS, BIODIVERSITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CHAPTER 24 HUMAN IMPACTS, BIODIVERSITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues Second Edition
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Human Population Growth: Recent Issue Figure 24.1
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Agricultural Development Animal Domestication Industrial Revolution Vaccines Antibiotics Recent Factors
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Growth Rates Zero Population Growth Fertility Rate Replacement Fertility Rate Fertility Rates Differ
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Past and Projected Fertility Rates Figure 24.2
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Fertility Rate Estimates Figure 24.3
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Demographic Transition More Industrialized Countries (MICs) Less Industrialized Countries (LICs) Age of Population Linked to Economic Development
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Population Age Structures Figure 24.4
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Pollutants Impair Air Quality Figure 24.5
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dioxide Methane Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Halons Excessive Greenhouse Gases
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Greenhouse Effect Figure 24.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Global Warming Deforestation Greenhouse Effect
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Deplete Ozone Layer Figure 24.7
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Sulfur Dioxide from burning high sulfur coal and oil Nitrogen Oxides from car exhausts Sulfur Dioxide + Nitrogen Oxide + Water Vapor = Sulfuric Acid + Nitric Acid Pollutants Produce Acid Rain
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Destruction of Ozone Layer Figure 24.7
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Smoke + Fog = Smog Nitrogen Oxides + Hydrocarbons + Sunlight + Water Vapor = Smog Other Constituents Ozone: eye irritant Peroxyacly Mitrates (PANS) : eye irritant Small oil droplets, wood particles, coal ash, asbestos, lead, animal waste, dust Thermal Inversion Smog
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Water: scarce and unequally distributed Aquifers Industrialized Countries 10 to 100 times more water than less industrialized countries Water Diverted Pollution Jeopardizes Scarce Water Supplies
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Toxic Pollutants Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Oil and Gasoline Pesticides Herbicides Heavy Metals Biological Magnification
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Biological Magnification Figure 24.11
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Groundwater Pollution: impaired human health Used as drinking water “Cleans” slowly Common Contaminants Organics, i.e., carbon tetrachloride, pesticides, fertilizers (nitrates) Suspected Effects: miscarriages, skin rashes, nervous disorders, birth defects Radioactive waste Pollution
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Oil Pollution Sources 50% Seepage 30% runoff from land 20% accidents at sea Pollution
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Oil Pollution Effects Coats living organisms Damages Shorelines Clean-up Evaporation Bacterial Breakdown Settle to bottom Removal Pollution
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. 1/3 of Earth’s land mass altered 50% Forest cover gone Factors Migration to Cities Desertification Wars Garbage Disposal Pollution and Overuse: Damage Land
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Many Options/Choices Nonrenewable Resources: Fossil fuels Coal, oil, gas Nuclear Energy: safety, disposal Hydroelectric Power Wind Farms Biomass Fuels: wood, dung Energy
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Pollution Habitat Destruction Overexploitation of Natural Resources Farming Exploitation of scarce forest resources Logging Deforestation Human Impacts: Creating a Biodiversity Crisis
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Oxygen production Carbon Dioxide into Atmosphere Clothing, food, medicines Flood Control Biodiversity and Human Health
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Consume Less Recycle More Lower Worldwide Fertility Rate Reduce Rural World Poverty Toward a Sustainable Future