Unit 8 Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny The U.S. government and its citizens believed that the nation’s destiny or fate was to expand westward from sea to sea.

POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL ROOTS OF MANIFEST DESTINY New land for farmers; new trade routes and markets( Santa Fe Trail) ; new opportunities to start a business Political Expansion of our nation’s borders/ territory; expansion of slavery Social Remove Native Americans; refuge for persecuted groups (Mormons)

As a territory grew in population, it gained rights to self government HOW THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE ESTABLISHED PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR ORDERLY EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES Orderly procedure for establishing territories and applying for statehood As a territory grew in population, it gained rights to self government To become a state, the following requirements had to be met: At least 5,000 men who owned at least 50 acres 60,000 people Established self-government

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE U. S CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE U.S.-MEXICAN WAR AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE UNITED STATES

Annexation of Texas Viewed as a “War of Aggression” by many Americans. Causes President Polk’s desire to expand the United States (Manifest Destiny) Border Dispute concerning the southern boundary of Texas (Rio Grande was claimed by Texas and disputed by Mexico) Effects & Impact Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ends the war, grants the United States the Mexican territory of New Mexico, Arizona, and California United States paid Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase to help repay Mexico for the annexation of Texas in 1845.

Battle of Buena Vista Battle of Chapultepec

AREAS THAT WERE ACQUIRED TO FORM THE UNITED STATES Louisiana Purchase-for $15 million from France Texas-won independence from Mexico and was annexed to the U.S. Mexican Cession (New Mexico, Arizona California)- The “Mexican Cession” refers to lands surrendered, or ceded, to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican War.

Gadsden Purchase-gave the United States possession of the Mesilla Valley south of the Gila River, an area of nearly 30,000 square miles. In return the Mexicans received $10 million. Southern politicians badly wanted to approve the treaty and secure their railroad route. Northerners objected to any more land that could become slave. The treaty was eventually ratified by a very close vote in 1854. Oregon Territory-Oregon Territory, which included present-day Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and portions of Montana, Wyoming, and British Columbia. Alaska Purchase (Seward’s Folly)- The agreement was signed in March 1867 and transferred Alaska to the United States in return for a payment of $7.2 million, amounting to a price of about 2.5 cents per acre for an area twice the size of Texas. (aka Seward’s icebox)

PLACES AND REGIONS OF IMPORTANCE IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 17th, 18th, and 19th CENTURIES Regions – North, South, Midwest, West, Slave States, and Free States States – Texas, California, Kansas, Nebraska Cities – Washington, D.C.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND INFLUENCE ON POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE 17TH, 18TH, AND 19TH CENTURIES:

Manifest Destiny Gold in California – rush of settlers to California; pushed many American Indians off their lands; population of California quickly rises to the amount required for statehood California’s proximity to Pacific Ocean led to an increase of immigration from Asian nations. Rocky Mountains’ location between eastern and western parts of the United States; resulted

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PEOPLE OF VARIOUS RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS GROUPS TO OUR NATIONAL IDENTITY Including, but not limited to Immigrants from Europe (ethnic) Growth of new and older cities New customs and traditions (eg., German – Christmas tree, gymnasium, kindergarten)

EXAMPLES OF AMERICAN ART, MUSIC, AND LITERATURE THAT REFLECT SOCIETY IN DIFFERENT ERAS Manifest Destiny (Era: Westward Expansion) Art – "American Progress," by John Gast, 1872