A Challenging Time By: 8-27 Group 1 By: 8-27 Group 1

The Thirteen Colonies  British Colonies in North America founded  Refers to 13 colonies that rebelled against British rule (1775) proclaim independence July  First 13 States of U.S.A.  New England Colonies= New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut  Middle Colonies were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware  Southern Colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia  British Colonies in North America founded  Refers to 13 colonies that rebelled against British rule (1775) proclaim independence July  First 13 States of U.S.A.  New England Colonies= New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut  Middle Colonies were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware  Southern Colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Sugar Act of 1764  Revenue-raising act  Forced taxes to be put on imported goods such as sugar  Officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court  This angered colonists, some of which boycotted sugar  The act made the British upset with how things were run  Helped start the American Revolution  Revenue-raising act  Forced taxes to be put on imported goods such as sugar  Officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court  This angered colonists, some of which boycotted sugar  The act made the British upset with how things were run  Helped start the American Revolution

Stamp Act of 1765  Passed by British Parliament, March 22, 1765  All newspapers and legal documents had to have a stamp on it  Ranged from one cent to a few dollars  Merchants didn’t trade for British goods, tax collectors were terrorized  Ended in 1766  Passed by British Parliament, March 22, 1765  All newspapers and legal documents had to have a stamp on it  Ranged from one cent to a few dollars  Merchants didn’t trade for British goods, tax collectors were terrorized  Ended in 1766

Townshend Acts  Passed June 29, 1767  Passed by British Parliament  Placed tax on common products, like lead, glass, paper, paint and tea  Proposed by/ named after Charles Townshend  Non-importation agreement between colonial merchants cut British imports by almost two- thirds  The act was one of events to cause American Revolution, impacted Canada  Passed June 29, 1767  Passed by British Parliament  Placed tax on common products, like lead, glass, paper, paint and tea  Proposed by/ named after Charles Townshend  Non-importation agreement between colonial merchants cut British imports by almost two- thirds  The act was one of events to cause American Revolution, impacted Canada

1773- Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)  East India Company sole right to ship/ sell tea in North America (given monopoly)  North American shippers/shopkeepers impacted, could not sell tea  Act caused the Boston Tea Party  Bostonians dressed like Natives, dumped 3 boatloads tea from British ships into the harbour  The Tea Act partially caused the American Revolution, had a great affect on Canada  Colonists from the 13 Colonies invaded Quebec, failed, keeping British North America out of the American Revolution  East India Company sole right to ship/ sell tea in North America (given monopoly)  North American shippers/shopkeepers impacted, could not sell tea  Act caused the Boston Tea Party  Bostonians dressed like Natives, dumped 3 boatloads tea from British ships into the harbour  The Tea Act partially caused the American Revolution, had a great affect on Canada  Colonists from the 13 Colonies invaded Quebec, failed, keeping British North America out of the American Revolution

The Intolerable Acts The Boston Port Bill - June 1,1774  Closed Boston Harbour to all but British until tea paid The Quartering Act - March 24, 1765  King sent troops to Boston, food/ shelter provided by threatened colonists The Administration of Justice Act- May 20, 1774  British officials not tried for crimes in colonial courts, British free to do what want to colonies/ colonists Massachusetts Government Act- May 20, 1774  British gov’t ruled town meetings, no self gov’t (Boston) The Quebec Act - May 20, 1774  Bill to Canadian Borders in attempt to stop colonists expanding west  Cut off western colonies (Connecticut, Massachusetts and Virginia)  Quebec biggest piece of land (Ohio Territory) The Boston Port Bill - June 1,1774  Closed Boston Harbour to all but British until tea paid The Quartering Act - March 24, 1765  King sent troops to Boston, food/ shelter provided by threatened colonists The Administration of Justice Act- May 20, 1774  British officials not tried for crimes in colonial courts, British free to do what want to colonies/ colonists Massachusetts Government Act- May 20, 1774  British gov’t ruled town meetings, no self gov’t (Boston) The Quebec Act - May 20, 1774  Bill to Canadian Borders in attempt to stop colonists expanding west  Cut off western colonies (Connecticut, Massachusetts and Virginia)  Quebec biggest piece of land (Ohio Territory)

Taxation Without Representation  Saying from  Being taxed by the government without any benefit or representatives in the British Parliament to speak for you  Taxes were in place to pay for the British Army  Angered the colonists  Saying from  Being taxed by the government without any benefit or representatives in the British Parliament to speak for you  Taxes were in place to pay for the British Army  Angered the colonists

American Revolution & The Refugees  American Revolution was events that resulted in the formation of United Stated of America  American Revolutionary War (War of Independence) lasted from  The Thirteen Colonies fought the British in attempt to be a new independent nation  Declared their independence as a new nation, the United States of America, in 1776  Americans attacked Quebec City on New Years Eve, 1775  Canadians and British fought together and were united  Refugees of the American Revolution went to Acadian land in 1762 (News Brunswick)  American Revolution was events that resulted in the formation of United Stated of America  American Revolutionary War (War of Independence) lasted from  The Thirteen Colonies fought the British in attempt to be a new independent nation  Declared their independence as a new nation, the United States of America, in 1776  Americans attacked Quebec City on New Years Eve, 1775  Canadians and British fought together and were united  Refugees of the American Revolution went to Acadian land in 1762 (News Brunswick)

The Constitutional Act of 1791  In effect December 26, 1791  Passed to meet demands of loyalists and give inhabitants of Quebec the same rights as British subjects in North America  Separated Upper Canada and Lower Canada, gave them their our legislative assemblies  Ensured constitutional changes that were part of the reorganization of British North America  In effect December 26, 1791  Passed to meet demands of loyalists and give inhabitants of Quebec the same rights as British subjects in North America  Separated Upper Canada and Lower Canada, gave them their our legislative assemblies  Ensured constitutional changes that were part of the reorganization of British North America

War of 1812  June December 1814 (treaty of Ghent)  The American Army entered Upper canada in July 1812 with many troops  Battle of New Orleans occurred after the peace treaty because of poor communication  Discouraged American immigration to British North America  Stabilized the border at 49˚  Britain began to respect the United States as a separate nation  United the French and English  June December 1814 (treaty of Ghent)  The American Army entered Upper canada in July 1812 with many troops  Battle of New Orleans occurred after the peace treaty because of poor communication  Discouraged American immigration to British North America  Stabilized the border at 49˚  Britain began to respect the United States as a separate nation  United the French and English

The Loyalists (Tories)  Loyalists were those born/ living in American Colonies during Revolution  Loyalist supported Britain for many reasons  Loyalists are part of Canada now  Maritime provinces home for loyalists  2000 moved to present day Quebec  Loyalists were those born/ living in American Colonies during Revolution  Loyalist supported Britain for many reasons  Loyalists are part of Canada now  Maritime provinces home for loyalists  2000 moved to present day Quebec

Migration Northward  Loyalists migrated not by choice  Didn’t want to become American citizens or contribute to the British for their public support  Migration Controlled and assisted  Some settled in Halifax, Shelburne, and St. John River valley  Helped develop cities in Canada today  Loyalists migrated not by choice  Didn’t want to become American citizens or contribute to the British for their public support  Migration Controlled and assisted  Some settled in Halifax, Shelburne, and St. John River valley  Helped develop cities in Canada today

British Colony of New Brunswick  Created in 1784  Loyalists wanted the new colony, felt they were too far away from the capital in Halifax  The British Government agreed  Not as difficult to control  Developed a representative government two years after being formed  Created in 1784  Loyalists wanted the new colony, felt they were too far away from the capital in Halifax  The British Government agreed  Not as difficult to control  Developed a representative government two years after being formed

Captain James Cook  1755 joined Great Britain’s Royal Navy, expert navigator  One of 1st sea captains to find scurvy cure  Sailed farther south than anyone  Helped open up Western Canada for settlement  1755 joined Great Britain’s Royal Navy, expert navigator  One of 1st sea captains to find scurvy cure  Sailed farther south than anyone  Helped open up Western Canada for settlement

Captain George Vancouver  Explored and mapped the pacific coast  Was trying to get info on the Northwest passage  Met Spanish Commander Bodega y Quadra  Arranged for a transfer of Spanish Territory to Britain  Gave control of the west coast fur trade to the British  Explored and mapped the pacific coast  Was trying to get info on the Northwest passage  Met Spanish Commander Bodega y Quadra  Arranged for a transfer of Spanish Territory to Britain  Gave control of the west coast fur trade to the British

Simon Fraser  Founding Father of British Columbia  Did major exploration on North America  First to build first trading posts west of rocky Mountains  Established the modern day forts of Fort McLeod, Fort Frasier, Fort St. James, and Fort George  Founding Father of British Columbia  Did major exploration on North America  First to build first trading posts west of rocky Mountains  Established the modern day forts of Fort McLeod, Fort Frasier, Fort St. James, and Fort George

David Thompson  British surveyor, map-maker, fur trader, explorer  Moved to Canada in 1784 to apprentice Hudson’s Bay Company (surveyor)  Most important geographer in history of North America  Mapped almost 4.5 million km 2  He discovered passage through the continental divide, allowed populating of British Columbia  British surveyor, map-maker, fur trader, explorer  Moved to Canada in 1784 to apprentice Hudson’s Bay Company (surveyor)  Most important geographer in history of North America  Mapped almost 4.5 million km 2  He discovered passage through the continental divide, allowed populating of British Columbia

References Clark/ McKay(1992). Canada Revisited. Arnold Publishing Ltd. Add Tea Act (1773); Tea Party Too: Retrieved May 29/07 from the internet: Colonial America Tea Act May 10, Retrieved May 29/07 from the internet: history.com/pages/h1248.htmlhttp:// history.com/pages/h1248.html Taking Action. Retrieved May 31/07 from the internet: Wikipedia(2007). James Cook. Retrieved June 1/07 from the internet: U.S. Department of State(unknown). Taxation Without Representation. Retrieved June 2/07 from the internet: Applied History Research Group of the U of C(2001). Migration North. Retrieved May 30/07 from the internet: /two2b.html /two2b.html Online Highways(2005). Taxation Without Representation. Retrieved June 1/07 from the internet: history.com/pages/h640.htmlhttp:// history.com/pages/h640.html Clark/ McKay(1992). Canada Revisited. Arnold Publishing Ltd. Add Tea Act (1773); Tea Party Too: Retrieved May 29/07 from the internet: Colonial America Tea Act May 10, Retrieved May 29/07 from the internet: history.com/pages/h1248.htmlhttp:// history.com/pages/h1248.html Taking Action. Retrieved May 31/07 from the internet: Wikipedia(2007). James Cook. Retrieved June 1/07 from the internet: U.S. Department of State(unknown). Taxation Without Representation. Retrieved June 2/07 from the internet: Applied History Research Group of the U of C(2001). Migration North. Retrieved May 30/07 from the internet: /two2b.html /two2b.html Online Highways(2005). Taxation Without Representation. Retrieved June 1/07 from the internet: history.com/pages/h640.htmlhttp:// history.com/pages/h640.html