Science Unit B Chapter 2 Ecosystems  1.)Individual  2.)Population  3.)Community  1.) 1 single organism in an environment (one grasshopper)  2.) Individuals of the same kind in the same environment (All the grasshoppers in a field)  3.) All the populations of an organism living together in an environment. ( grasshoppers and other organisms living together)

 4.) Ecosystem  5.) Habitat  6.) Niche  4.) A community and its physical environment  5.) Place where a population lives. (environment)  6.) Role of each population in a habitat. (must not have too many of the same niche-competition)  -Help keep the carbon, oxygen, and water cycle in balance in nature

 1.) Limiting Factors Factors  2.) Land Factors Factors  3.) Plant Factors Factors  4.) Animal Factors Factors 5.) Population 5.) Population Density Density  1.) Determine what ecosystem develop in an area  2.) Soil, temp, rainfall- determine which plants grow there. (Ex: cactus- don’t need much rain.)  3.) The kinds of plants there determine which animals go there.  4.) The kinds of carnivorous animals there depends on the kinds of herbivores that are there.  5.) The amount of animals in a certain area.

Science unit b ch 2 lesson 2-How Energy is transferred in an Ecosystem  1.)Producers  2.) Consumers  3.) Decomposers  1.) Plants-energy from sun in photosynthesis  2.) Animals and People  Ex: 1st level –grasshopper consumes producers  2 nd level- snakes consume grasshoppers  3 rd -level-hawks consume snakes –fewer of this level because there is less energy transferred this far.  3.) Break down/eat tissue of dead organisms  (Ex: mushrooms, bacteria, vultures)

 4.) Food chain  5.)Food Web  6.) Energy Pyramid  4.) Shows how consumers in an ecosystem are connected according to the food they eat-transfer of energy.  (Ex: grass>grasshopper>snake>hawk)  5.) Shows the relationship between many different food chains in an ecosystem  (ex: grass eaten by bison and mice>snakes>hawk… in the same region/ecosystem)  6.) Shows the amount of energy passed from one level to the next in a food chain. The higher the level, the less their population because there is less energy left.  -Only about 10% of the energy is passed on through the chain/pyramid

Science Unit b ch 2 ls 3-How do Organisms Compete and Survive in an Ecosystem?  1.) Competition  2.) Predator/Prey  3.) Adaptations  1.) Organisms trying to get what they need to survive w/ limited resources. Those who win, survive. Usually a balance between who wins so that both species survives over the years.  (Ex: Camouflage-helps animals hide to get their food or avoid being eaten)  2.) Hunters/animals that get hunted  3.) Ways that plants and animals use to compete/survive in their environment.  (Ex: hunting in packs, camouflage, bird beaks, elephant tusks, height of a giraffe, camels storing water) 

 4.) Resources  5.) Symbiosis  4.) Some animals share the same resources in a community because they have a different niche, don’t compete with each other, or eat at different times. (Ex: Giraffes-eat high trees and antelope eat lower trees. A single tree may be the habitat for insects, birds, etc…)  -May die if resources are limited/destroyed  (Ex: logging or drought)  5.) A long term relationship between different organisms. It may benefit one or both.  Mutualism-benefits both organisms. (Ex: Shark and cleaner fish-shark gets teeth cleaned and fish gets food) (Flowers and bees-bees eat nectar and flowers get pollinated)

 6.) Instinct  7) Learned  1.)Behavior an organism inherits/born with. (Ex: building shelter, finding food, finding a mate)  2.) Behavior that is taught to that organism.( skills for better hunting, falcon- surviving in a city)

Sci-Unit B ch 2 Extinction  1.) Exotic 2.) Extinct 3.) Endangered 4.) Threatened  1.) From another country (nonnative)  -Can decline populations that are native (diseases)  2.) Gone forever-die out-the step after endangerment  -Caused by habitat destruction, changes in climate, changes in the number of organisms, man.  3.) Very small worldwide population-likely to become extinct.  4.) Reduced populations likely to become endangered. (can do temp. law changes to increase populations)  5.) Changes laws, stop destroying habitats, set up protected land/sanctuaries, stop using pesticides/polluting