1. Energy and Ecosystems studyguide

2. Lesson 1 - How do plants produce food?
copyright cmassengale

3. Vocabulary
Transpiration: the loss of water from a leaf through the stomata
Photosynthesis: the process in which plants make food by using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight
Chlorophyll: a green pigment that allows a plant to absorb the sun’s light energy
Producer; a living thing, such as a plant, that makes its own food
Consumer: an animal that eats plants, other animals or both

4. copyright cmassengale
Plants structure
copyright cmassengale

5. copyright cmassengale

6. copyright cmassengale
study jams - Photosynthesis
copyright cmassengale

7. Producers
Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth.
Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun

8. copyright cmassengale
Consumers
Consume means “to eat”
All animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers
Humans are consumers
copyright cmassengale

9. Lesson 2 – How is Energy passed through an Ecosystem?
copyright cmassengale

10. Ecosystems: a community of organisms and the environment in which they live
ecosystems Brain Pop

11. Consumers 7. Herbivore 9. Omnivore (Humans)
an animal that eats only producers, first-level consumer 8. Carnivore an animal that eats other animals, second-level consumer
9. Omnivore (Humans)
An animal that eats plants & other animals
10. Decomposers a consumer that obtains food energy by breaking down the remains of dead plants and animals
Fungi & Bacteria, worms

12. copyright cmassengale
11. Food Chain the transfer of food energy between organisms in an ecosystem
3rd level consumer
2nd level Consumer
1st level Consumer
4th level Consumer
Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food)
copyright cmassengale
food Chain Brain Pop

13. Feeding Relationships
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
from producers to various levels of consumers
copyright cmassengale

14. copyright cmassengale
12. Food Web a diagram that shows the relationships between different food chains in an ecosystem
Food Web
copyright cmassengale

15. copyright cmassengale
13. Energy Pyramid a diagram that shows how much food energy is passed from each level in a food chain to the next level
energypyramid brain pop
copyright cmassengale

16. Natural Cycles
Nitrogen cycle video

17. Lesson 1 – How do Organisms compete and survive in an Ecosystem?
copyright cmassengale

18. 14. Population – a group of organisms of
one kind that live in
one location
15. Community – a group of populations
that live together
16. Competition – a kind of contest among populations that need to get a certain amount of food, water, and shelter to survive
adaptation: a trait or characteristic that helps an organism to survive
symbiosis: a relationship between different kinds of organisms

19. 19. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit: Oxpeckers Clean Rhinoceros; Anemones Protect and Feed Clownfish

20. 20. Commensalism: one organism is benefitted, while the other is not harmed. Bromeliad Roots on Tree Trunk Without Harming Tree

21. 21. Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed
21. Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed. Tree with Parasitic Mistletoe, Trout with Blood-Sucking Sea Lampreys

22. kingsnakes are immune to the venom of venomous snakes
Adaptations –a trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive
22. prey: an animal that is eaten by a predator
23. predator: an animal that kills and eats other animals
speed & keen senses
kingsnakes are immune to the venom of venomous snakes
camouflage
birds of prey have keen eyesight and sharp beaks and talons
predator/prey relationship
warning colors & patterns

23. Lesson 2 – How Do Ecosystems change over Time?
Changing Ecosystems

24. 24. Succession– a gradual change in the kinds of organisms living in an ecosystem
25. Primary succession occurs where there is only bare rock or sand.
Lichen grows on rocks and soil is produced over hundreds of years by weathering down of rocks.
Grasses, small shrubs and then trees can grow.

25. 26. Secondary Succession
The community begins again where there was disruption from fire, farming, wind, volcanoes or deforesting.
Soil is already present.

26. 27. Extinction: the death of all the organisms of a species

27. Lesson 3: How Do People Affect Ecosystems?
Changes in Ecosystems

28. Vocabulary
pollution: a waste product that harms living things and damages an ecosystem
acid rain: a mixture of rain and acids from air pollution that fall to Earth.
habitat: an area where an organism can find everything it needs to survive

29. 31. Conservation – the use of less of a resource to make the supply last longer
32. Reclamation – the process of cleaning and restoring a damaged ecosystem