Ch. 15 Stress and Health McElhaney

Ch 15 Key Topics ► 1. Big Picture definition and significance of stress- ► 2. Health – ► Behavior Health Risks ► Risk Factors ► Significance Chart Causes of Death page 550 ► Significance Pg 550 Chart High School Risky behavior ► Disease prone ► Health Promoting Behaviors ► Early Prevention ► 3. Stress ► Reinforce definition of stress and types of stress Eustress ► Biology and Stress- Autonomic nervous system ► Significance table Pg 554- Signs + symptoms of stress ► Role of Stressor and pressure ► Occupation and Burnout- how to prevent burnout ► Lazarus research and appraising stress ► 4. Coping ► Types of coping- problem focused and Emotion focused ► Frustration- external and Personal ► Reactions to Frustration- Hostility, Aggression, Displaced Aggression ► Conflicts- 4 basic forms- Approach-Approach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Avoidance, Multiple Conflicts ► Anxiety- Definition Defense mechanisms ► Denial, Repression, Reaction Formation, ► Regression, projection, Rationalization ► Compensation, Sublimation ► Learned Helplessness, Depression, role of hope ► Psychosomatic illness ► Type A and B personalities ► General Adaptation syndrome, alarm reaction, resistance, reaction ► Stress and the Immune System (what should we know) ► 5. Psychology in Action- ► What are the recommended ways to manage stress? ► Which are the best in your opinion? ► Pg 580- Summarize the wisdom of: “Coping with Frustration and Conflict”

3 Parts of Chapter 1. Behavior health Risks and stress 1. What is stress and how does it affect us? 2. How can one cope/respond to stress and maintain health?

Big Picture definition and significance of stress- ► Health is affected by stress. ► “Stress occurs whenever a challenge or threat forces a person to adjust or adapt.” ► “Stress is a behavioral factor that directly affects personal wellbeing.”

Big Idea ► Stress is a major risk factor for illness and disease ► Stress is caused by interaction between people and the environment ► The body’s reaction to stress damages internal organs and immune system ► Th

What causes Stress? ► Stress- is dependent on how we perceive events and react to them.

Behavior Risk Factors ► Stress- Is a major risk factor if Prolonged and Severe ► Behaviors that increase risk of disease and death ► Examples: ► High level of stress ► High blood pressure ► Cigarette smoking ► Abuse of alcohol ► Overeating ► Unsafe sex ► Exposure to toxic substances ► Violence

See Page 550 High School Risky Behavior ► Physical Fight 42% ► Carried Weapon 22% ► Had one or more drinks 30% ► Mary-Jane 33% ► Sex 53% ► Unsafe Sex 47% ► Cigarette Smokers 31% ► Eating Fatty Foods 34% ► Sedentary Lifestyle 34%

Stress- ► Eustress is good stress- example of challenges and rewards ► Stressor- an event that challenges or threatens a person

Stress Reaction ► Autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Autonomic nervous system  Sympathetic and Parasympathetic  Arousal- with emotion ► General Adaptation Syndrome  Body responds to cope with stress  Alarm Reaction, Resistance, Exhaustion  Pituitary Gland- signals adrenal glands to produce and release hormones – adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, and cortisol (in blood)

Personality Types ► Disease Prone ► Chronic depression  Low exercise  Poor diet  Problematic sleep ► Anxious ► Hostile ► Frequently ill ► Health Promoting Behaviors ► Exercise ► Not excessive drinking ► No Tobacco ► Not over-eating

Personality Types Continued ► Type A ► High risk of heart attack ► Hard driving ► Ambitious ► Highly competitive ► Achievement oriented ► Persistent ► Time urgency ► Anger ► Hostility ► Hardy Personality ► People who can resist stress ► Sense of personal commitment  To self, to work, to family ► Sense of control over lives and work ► Tendency to see life as a series of challenges