1. Stress & Health
Chapter 17

2. Stress
Is any circumstance (real or perceived) that threatens a person’s well-being.
It is a process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges.
When short-lived or taken as a challenge, stress has positive effects.
Yerkes-Dodson Law

3. Types of Stress Frustration Conflict Change Pressure
Pursuit of a goal is hindered.
I want to watch New Girl and the cable is out… again.
Two accidents on the Turnpike are going to make me late for work.
Conflict
Two or more motivations compete.
Approach-Approach
Approach-Avoidance
Avoidance-Avoidance
Change
Noticeable alterations in life that require readjustment.
Divorce, marriage, new baby, new job, promotion, new school…
Pressure
Expectations or demands for behavior.
You have to get straight A’s or else you won’t be happy.
You have to pass the AP exam or else Mrs. Calle Tanner will hunt you down and… (no pressure…)

4. Conflict Approach-approach conflict Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Two attractive options
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Two unattractive options
Approach-avoidance conflict
Two options, both with attractive and unattractive options
Multiple approach-avoidance conflicts
Multiple options, all with attractive and unattractive options

5. Regular Exposure to Stress Chronic Exposure to Stress
Biology of Stress
Regular Exposure to Stress
Chronic Exposure to Stress
Increased body fat
Increased appetite
Muscle & bone density loss
Immune-system impairment
Brain shrinkage
Impaired memory functions
Severe fatigue
Reduced sex drive
Heart disease
Strokes
Lung disease
Cancer
Stress triggers our fight-or-flight response to aid in our survival.
It also triggers the release of certain hormones.
Cortisol (the stress hormone)
Normally maintains blood pressure and limits inflammation, but…

6. Seyle’s General Adaptation Syndrome
Describes our response to any stressful event.
Three stages
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Mnemonic: A.R.E. you out of G.A.S.?

7. Personality Types & Stress
Type A
Type B
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
more likely to develop heart disease
easy-going, relaxed people
less likely to develop heart disease

8. Burnout
Physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, lowered sense of self-efficacy that can be brought on by work related stress.

9. Internal Locus of Control External Locus of Control
Coping With Stress
Internal Locus of Control
External Locus of Control
Believe they are in control of their situation, and can change it at any time.
Have an optimistic out-look.
Better equipped to deal with stressors, have better moods, and stronger immune systems.
Believe that everything is out of their hands.
Have a pessimistic out-look.
Have more stress-related health problems because they are not well-equipped to deal with stress.
Prone to suffer from learned helplessness.

10. Reducing Stress Exercise Eat Right Social support
Religious affiliation
Social clubs
Modify Type A behaviors
Change locus of control

11. Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Chapter 14

12. Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology
Applies psychological principles to the workplace.
Personnel Psychology
Studies the principles of selecting and evaluating workers.
Organizational Psychology
Studies how work environments and management styles influence worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity.

13. Attitudes Towards Work
People have different attitudes toward work. Some take it as a:
Job: Necessary way to make money.
Career: Opportunity to advance from one position to another.
Calling: Fulfilling a socially useful activity.

14. Management Theory Theory X Theory Y
Managers believes that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment.
Think employees are Extrinsically Motivated
Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive.
Think employees are Intrinsically Motivated

15. What Motivates Us to Work?
Intrinsic Motivators
Extrinsic Motivators
Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction.
Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (grades or money or etc..)