1 Early 18th Century Immigration

2 Perils of Emigration In the 17th and early 18th centuries, many colonists arrived as indentured servants or bondsmen who served a term of service before receiving their freedom. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, many colonists arrived as indentured servants or bondsmen who served a term of service before receiving their freedom. Between 1749 and 1754 more than 30,000 Germans came to Pennsylvania, and by mid-century they constituted about one third of the colony’s population. Between 1749 and 1754 more than 30,000 Germans came to Pennsylvania, and by mid-century they constituted about one third of the colony’s population. Gottlieb Mittelberger arrived in Philadelphia in late 1750 aboard the Osgood, along with 500 of his fellow countrymen. Gottlieb Mittelberger arrived in Philadelphia in late 1750 aboard the Osgood, along with 500 of his fellow countrymen. He found much distasteful about his new home and returned in 1754 to write an expose warning Germans about fraudulent accounts of ideal conditions in America. He found much distasteful about his new home and returned in 1754 to write an expose warning Germans about fraudulent accounts of ideal conditions in America.

3 William Moraley: The Infortunate Approximately 73,000 people left for the British colonies in the1730s Approximately 73,000 people left for the British colonies in the1730s Like half of all European emigrants to North America in the eighteenth- century, Moraley faced grim conditions at home. Like half of all European emigrants to North America in the eighteenth- century, Moraley faced grim conditions at home. After the death of his father, a journeyman clockmaker, Moraley possessed scarce resources and was imprisoned for debt. After the death of his father, a journeyman clockmaker, Moraley possessed scarce resources and was imprisoned for debt. The thirty-year-old Moraley bound himself for five years as a servant in the British North American colonies. The thirty-year-old Moraley bound himself for five years as a servant in the British North American colonies. He titled his picaresque account of life in Britain and America The Infortunate: The Voyage and Adventures of William Moraley, an Indentured Servant. He titled his picaresque account of life in Britain and America The Infortunate: The Voyage and Adventures of William Moraley, an Indentured Servant.

4 Benjamin Franklin Franklin's "" was one of the first serious studies of demography. Franklin's "" was one of the first serious studies of demography. Franklin held to a belief that no man in America needed to long remain a laborer for others. Franklin held to a belief that no man in America needed to long remain a laborer for others. Despite the doubling of the population in every twenty years or so, America remained a land of opportunity, where wages remained high and even slaves were expensive. Despite the doubling of the population in every twenty years or so, America remained a land of opportunity, where wages remained high and even slaves were expensive. Franklin's essay uses sophisticated use of social science data to convince the British ministry to alter its colonial policies. Franklin's essay uses sophisticated use of social science data to convince the British ministry to alter its colonial policies. Franklin also pleads that America be maintained as an entirely Anglo-Saxon society. Franklin also pleads that America be maintained as an entirely Anglo-Saxon society.

5 Royal Proclamation of 1763 England attempted to prevent further westward expansion England attempted to prevent further westward expansion This would settle only areas under British influence rather than the regions where settlers could self govern. This would settle only areas under British influence rather than the regions where settlers could self govern. King George III issued a proclamation in 1763 which limited the areas in which immigrants could settle in the English colonies. King George III issued a proclamation in 1763 which limited the areas in which immigrants could settle in the English colonies.

6 Royal African Company A London slave-trade monopoly was given to the Royal African Company in A London slave-trade monopoly was given to the Royal African Company in Set up by the Stuart family and London merchants Set up by the Stuart family and London merchants Led by James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother. Led by James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother. Slaves were branded with RAC on their chests. Slaves were branded with RAC on their chests. Between 1672 and 1689 it transported around 90,000–100,000 slaves. Between 1672 and 1689 it transported around 90,000–100,000 slaves. The RAC Flag

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