1. Lesson 4 The Middle Colonies
Essential Question: Why do people move?
Topic 2
Lesson 4 The Middle Colonies

2. I. Dutch Colony becomes English
A. New Netherlands was founded to take advantage of economic opportunity in North America. B. Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland along the Hudson River. 1. Developed fur trade business (beaver skins) and farming 2. Became a safe harbor for ships, center for commerce 3. Governor – Peter Stuyvesant C. To promote farming they granted large parcels of land to wealthy families (patroons) 1. Promised to settle at least 50 European farm families on the land 2. Patroons had great power and could change the rent as they pleased

3. D. People in the colony came from all over Europe 1
D. People in the colony came from all over Europe 1. merchants, farmers , trades and crafts 2. Protestant (Dutch Reformed Church), Roman Catholic and Jews owned land E. Dutch and English both wanted to be involved in colonial development, trade & New Amsterdam. F English warships entered the harbor. Gov. Stuyvesant swore to defend the city. 1. lack of weapons and gunpowder (and he wasn’t a well-liked governor…) 2. He surrendered-no shots fired G. King Charles gave colony to his brother (Duke of York) who named it New York

4. II. New Jersey
A. Set up because New York was too large to govern, created as a proprietary colony in 1664
1. Proprietary colony-land given to proprietors for a yearly payment.
a) could divide and rent the land out and made laws for the colony
2. This type of colony put a lot of land and power in the hand of a few loyal men.
B. NJ settlers came for the opportunities and to escape war and poverty.
1. Settlers came from Europe and down from NY.
C. Financial issues forced the proprietors to return the colony to the king making it a royal colony (1702).
1. Charter protected freedom of religion and the rights of an assembly to vote on local matters.
2. English monarchs were hard on colonists, but the people of NJ tried to have influence over things that affected them.

5. III. Pennsylvania A. 1681-founded by William Penn who was a Quaker.
B. Protestant reformers who went further than Pilgrims and Puritans
1. Believed all were equal in God’s eyes
(men/women, noble and commoner)
2. Allowed women to preach and did not bow or removed hats in the presence of nobles
3. Spoke out against war and refused to serve in the army
C. They were often arrested, fined or hung for their beliefs.
D. Penn felt they must leave England and took steps to start a colony.
E. Given land by King Charles II- named Pennsylvania “Penn’s woods.”

6. F. Policy of Fairness 1. Penn believed in religious freedom 2
F. Policy of Fairness 1. Penn believed in religious freedom 2. King Charles II told Penn to turn away all Catholics and Jews. 3. Penn believed in treating the Native Americans with respect. a) Settlers should pay for the land they take b) Indians respected Penn & stayed friendly for a long time

7. F. Growing Colony
1. Penn send pamphlets all over Europe describing his colony. Settlers came from :
a) England, Scotland, Wales, Netherlands, France, and Germany
2. The German Settlers were known as Pennsylvania Dutch
Slaves Also Arrived
slaved made up 1/3 of the population
3. Penn named the capital Philadelphia. Greek word meaning “brotherly love”
IV. Delaware
Part of PA known as the Lower Counties
1704- Delaware broke awake from PA.
Settlers did not like sending delegates so far from home

8. V. Daily life in the Middle Colonies
A. Majority of people made their living by farming 1. wheat, barley and rye were cash crops 2. Raised cattle and pigs 3. Large Farms - farm workers were hired, and slaves also worked on the farms. 4. Skilled artisans also set up shops in the PA. (watches, locks, guns, glass and more) 5. Mined iron ore

9. B. Homes 1. Houses were spread apart 2. Houses were self-sufficient 3
B. Homes 1. Houses were spread apart 2. Houses were self-sufficient 3. Houses reflected the people that lived there. 4. Counties became center of government.