RIG PROCESSES  Drilling, Coring, Directional Drilling & Survey.  Tripping, Wash & Ream, Fishing.  E- Logging.  Casing & Cementing.  Perforating &Testing.  Acidizing & Fracturing.

Drilling & Coring  Normal Drilling.  Coring; Convetional Coring:  Core head  core barrel

Tripping ((Pulling out or running the string in hole )) Normal tripping.Normal tripping. Tight Hole.Tight Hole. Wash and Ream.Wash and Ream. Normal Drag.Normal Drag. Overpull.Overpull. Twist off.Twist off. StuckStuck FishingFishing

II. Stuck pipe Drilling string cannot be raised, lowered or rotate.

Mechanisms of stuck pipe  Differential Stuck.  Wellbore Geometry.  Hole packing off.

A. Differential Stuck Sticking of pipe against a permeable formation as the result of the pressure of the mud in the hole exceeding the bore fluid pressure.

Differential sticking  Stuck breadth = 4”  Stuck length = 25’  Fm pressure = 4000 psi  H pressure = 5000 psi  D. F=4*25*12*( )  1,200,000 lbs

Key Seat Causes:  Abrupt change in angle or direction in soft formations.  High string tension and pipe rotation wears a slot into the formation.  While POOH the drill collars jam into the slot.

Formation cuttings cavings or medium to large pieces of hard formation, cement or junk settle around the drill string and pack off/bridging the annulus.  Settled cuttings  Shale instability +  Unconsolidated formations  Fractured formations  Cement related.  Junk. C. Packing Off & Bridging

Settled Cutting Straight Hole Causes: Low annular velocity and/or poor mud properties.Low annular velocity and/or poor mud properties. When circulation is stopped, the cuttings fall back down the hole and pack off the drill string.When circulation is stopped, the cuttings fall back down the hole and pack off the drill string.

Settled Cutting Deviated Hole Causes: Drill cuttings settle on the low side forming a cutting bed.Drill cuttings settle on the low side forming a cutting bed. The cutting bed builds and slide down hole.The cutting bed builds and slide down hole. While POOH the cuttings is dragged upward by the BHAWhile POOH the cuttings is dragged upward by the BHA

ELECTRIC LOGGING  Logging While Drilling (MWD).  Post Drilling E- Logging.  Gamma  Resistivity  Neutron Density.  Sonic.

Resistivity Sonic

Casing is steel pipe placed in an oil or gas well at the end of every drilled phase, and then cemented in place prior to striating drilling the lower smaller hole section. CASING

Function Of Casing  Printing hole from caving or collapsing  Privinting loss of drilling fluids into weak formations.  Isolate troublesome formations.  Prevent communication between formations.  Provides means of extracting hydrocarbons  Provides a means of support for the wellhead equipment.

Casing Accessories Centralizers: Centralizers:attached to the casing and since they have a bowed spring arrangement keep the casing centred in the hole after it is lowered in. Centralised casing can make for a better cement job later.

Scratchers Float collars

Cementing

Well Completion –Completing the well & Setting Production Casing. –Perforating production casing. –Drill Stem Test (DST). –Acidizing. – Fracturing. –Installing the Christmas Tree.

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