1. OIL WELL DRILLING GUIDED BY Miss. SUMA K Lecturer PRESENTED BY SHALIN P M NO : 48 S7 CHEMICAL

2. INTRODUCTION The purpose of a drill rig is to drill a hole in the ground. The hole’s purpose is to tap an oil and gas reservoir. Rigs operate both on land and sea – “offshore”. Drilling rigs are large and noisy. It has many pieces of equipments and most of it is huge.

3. OIL AND NATURAL GAS Oil and gas are naturally occurring hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons and their associated impurities occur in rock formations that are usually buried thousands of feet or meters below the surface.

4. EXPOLARATION OF OIL

5. FINDING OIL Examine surface rocks and terrain with the help of satellite images Detect the smell of hydrocarbons using sensitive electronic noses called sniffers Use sensitive gravity meters to measure tiny changes in the Earth's gravitational field that could indicate flowing oil. Use seismology, creating shock waves that pass through hidden rock layers and interpreting the waves that are reflected back to the surface.

6. THE DRILL SITE Once the location for the site has been established, the area is prepared for drilling, with the following steps: 1. Site Preparation Leveling Site Excavating and Trenching 2.Conductor-rathole-mousehole Conductor Hole and Pipe Rathole Mousehole 3. Transporting Equipment

7. rathole conductorpipe

8. DRILLING TECHNIQUES CABLE-TOOL DRILLING ROTARY DRILLING

9. ROTARY RIGS TYPES LAND RIGS light duty medium duty heavy duty very high duty MOBILE OFFSHORE RIGS Bottom-Supported Units Bottom-Supported Units Submersibles Submersibles Jackups Jackups Floating Units Floating Units Semi submersibles Semi submersibles Drill ships Drill ships

10. RIG COMPONENTS POWER SYSTEMS HOISTING SYSTEM ROTATING SYSTEM CIRCULATING SYSTEM

11. POWER SYSTEMS - large diesel engines - Every drilling rig uses internal- combustion engines as a prime power source, or prime mover, burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of power - electrical generators - powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power

12. HOISTING SYSTEM

13. ROTATING SYSTEM Rotating equipment turns the bit. The rig can rotate the bit in one of the three ways: a rotary table and kelly, a top drive, and a downhole motor.

14. Rotary-Table System the turntable in the rotary table rotates the master bushing; the master bushing rotates the Kelly drive bushing; the Kelly drive bushing rotates the Kelly; the Kelly rotates the attached pipe and bit; and the swivel suspends the pipe, allows it to rotate, and has a passage for drilling mud to enter the Kelly and pipe.

15. TOP DRIVES Top drives is a device with a powerful built-in motor that turns the pipe and bit. The motor turns a threaded drive shaft, which the crew inserts into the top of the drill string, it rotates the drill string and the bit. DOWNHOLE MOTORS A downhole motor rotate the bit without rotating the entire string of pipe. Rig often use downhole motors to drill directional holes.

16. Horizontal hole

17. The Drill String The drill string consists of drill pipe and heavy-walled pipe called drill collars, are metal tubes through which the driller pumps drilling fluid. Drill collars are heavy because they are used in the bottom part of the string to put weight on the bit. This weight presses down on the bit so the bit cutters can bite into the formation and drill it.

18. Bits A bit has teeth, or cutters, which remove rock as the bit drills. Roller Cone Bits Fixed-Head Bits Steel teeth Natural diamonds Tungsten carbide inserts Synthetic diamonds Hybrid

19. CIRCULATING SYSTEM

20. Mud circulation in the hole

21. NORMAL DRILLING OPERATIONS Normal drilling operations include: 1. drilling the hole; 2. adding a new joint of pipe as the hole deepens; 3. tripping the drill string out the hole to put on a new bit and running it back to bottom; and 4. running and cementing casing.

22. Adding A New Joint Of Pipe the driller picks up the drill string high enough for the Kelly to clear the rotary table the floor hands set the slips around the joint of drill pipe driller engages a Kelly spinner moves the Kelly over to the top of the mousehole stab the Kelly into the joint in the mousehole raise the Kelly and attached joint out of the mousehole removes the slips

24. Tripping Out With A Kelly System set the slips around the drill stem, break out the Kelly, and set it, the Kelly drive bushing, and the swivel back in the rathole. lowers the traveling block and elevators latch the elevators onto the pipe pulls the top of the pipe back into the fingerboard move the pipe off to one side of the rig floor and set it down

26. Running And Cementing Casing Centralizers keep the casing centered in the hole the scratchers remove the wall cake formed by the drilling mud Once a good cement job is obtained, drilling can resume, the bit drills out the cement remaining in the lower part of the casing.

27. FORMATION EVALUATION  examining cuttings and drilling mud  well logging  drill stem testing  coring

28. COMPLETING THE WELL The operating company carefully considers the data it obtains from the tests. Then it decides whether to set production casing or liner and complete the well or to plug and abandon it.  Setting Production Casing The casing and cementing crews run and cement a string of casing in the well almost to the bottom of the hole. The production casing and cement actually seal off the producing zone.

29.  Perforating To provide a way for oil and gas to get from the formation and into the well, a special gun shoots several relatively small holes in the string. These holes, or perforations, pierce the casing and the cement around the casing. Formation fluids, which include oil and gas, flow through these perforations and into the well.  Running Tubing And Installing The Christmas Tree The completion rig crew places small-diameter pipe called tubing inside the well. Then the crew install a collection of fittings and valves called a Christmas tree on top of the well. Valves on the Christmas tree allow the operator to control the amount of production. Usually, once the crew installs the Christmas tree, the well is complete.

30. Extracting The Oil After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head. In the pump system, an electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls a polishing rod up and down. The polishing rod is attached to a sucker rod, which is attached to a pump. This system forces the pump up and down, creating a suction that draws oil up through the well.

31. CONCLUSION

32. THANK YOU

33. REFERENCES: 1.A Primer Of Oil Well Drilling, ΙV &VI editions by Ron Baker, published by Petroleum Extension service. 2.World Oil published, Dec 2002,Vol 223 No.12 3.Offshore engineer,Sept 2004,Vol 29 No.9 4.Journal Of Petroleum Technology, July 2004,Vol 58 No.7