Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Outcomes Define cardiovascular disease (CVD), explain why a college student should be concerned about CVD, and list the human and economic impacts of CVD. Explain how CVD affects the heart and blood vessels and the symptoms it produces. Describe various forms of CVD, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, heart disease, and others. Outline the main risk factors for CVD, including those you can and cannot control. Create a plan and apply behavior-change skills to lower your own risk of CVD. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

What Is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? Broadly encompasses a range of diseases of the heart and blood vessels Can induce other potentially devastating diseases, like heart attack or stroke 9–15% of women and men younger than age 40 have some form of CVD; after about age 40, the rate climbs to 40% Among all age groups in America, about 1 in 3 people have CVD in some form © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Why Should I Worry about CVD? CVD is America's biggest killer—it is the greatest cause of death, for both women and men. CVD reduces quality of life, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, internal organ damage, and, in the form of hypertension, cognitive decline. CVD can require expensive drugs for its treatment. CVD can begin in adolescence or childhood from waxy buildup in vessels caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, high body mass index, or early smoking. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Importance of Heart Health in Your Youth What are the benefits and drawbacks of Americans only sticking to the checklist presented in the video to determine heart health and risk factors? What other risk factors might the checklist ignore with respect to determinants of heart health? What other factors would you add to the risk factors? Discuss the impact of healthy lifestyle, weight management, and age on heart health. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Five Leading Causes of Death in the United States © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Stroke in Young Adults According to the video, what are signs and symptoms associated with stroke? How can you quickly diagnose stroke in someone? What happens physiologically during a stroke? What are common causes for strokes in young adults? Why is it important to correctly diagnose strokes quickly in young adults? What occurs following strokes that may impact the quality of life? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

How Does CVD Affect the Body? CVD Affects the Heart and Blood Vessels Diminishes the cardiovascular system's ability to deliver oxygen and energy to cells and remove carbon dioxide and other wastes from cells Atherosclerosis Hardening or stiffening of the arteries due to abnormal accumulations A major factor in many forms of CVD © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Atherosclerosis © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

How Does CVD Affect the Body? continued Forms of CVD: Hypertension (sustained high blood pressure) Coronary heart disease (heart attacks) Angina pectoris (chest pain and circulatory issues) Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) Congestive heart failure (heart muscle damage) Congenital heart disease Stroke © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Prevalence of the Different Types of CVD © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Blood Pressure © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

What Are the Main Risk Factors for CVD? Risks You Can Control: Tobacco use Hypertension (high blood pressure) High levels of fats in your blood Being overweight and obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes mellitus Metabolic syndrome (obesity-related risks) Stress, poor nutrition, and excessive alcohol use © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cholesterol and Triglycerides © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mediterranean Diet Could Help Reduce Heart Disease What are the characteristics of a Mediterranean diet that can reduce the risk for heart disease by 30%? What dietary recommendations would you give to someone who wants to reduce their risk for heart disease? What methods can be used to increase intake of protein rich foods and healthy fats? © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

What Are the Main Risk Factors for CVD? continued Risks You Cannot Control: Heredity: CVD in several generations increases risk greatly. Age: 75% of heart attacks occur in people older than age 65. Gender: Men are at greater risk until age 60; women are at greater risk after menopause. Race: African Americans have the highest rates of CVD. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

CVD and Ethnicity © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

How Can I Avoid CVD? Lower your controllable risks: Don't use tobacco. Eat well. Exercise regularly. Manage your stress. Control diabetes. Avoid alcohol and drug abuse. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Avoiding CVD: Making a Plan Identify your controllable risk factors. Identify concrete changes you can make to reduce your risk factors. Use the lab for this chapter to help you assess your own risk factors for CVD. Understand that by reducing your risk of CVD, you also reduce other serious disease risks. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.