1. Chapter 14: Lesson 2 Page 446

2. What Is Cardiovascular Disease?
__________________________________________ Sometimes, heart disease is due to heredity, but it is usually related to lifestyle.
People who smoke, get very little exercise, or have other unhealthy habits are more at risk for developing heart disease.

3. Types of Coronary Heart Disease
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through the body.
If the coronary arteries are clear, blood flows freely.
Coronary arteries on the surface of the heart supply it with oxygen-rich blood.
If the coronary arteries are blocked, coronary disease begins to develop.
Because the heart is a muscle, it needs oxygen just like all your other organs.
Veins on the heart take oxygen-poor blood away.

4. Types of Coronary Heart Disease
Arteriosclerosis is a group of disorders that includes atherosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis: ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
When buildup collects inside the arteries, it takes up space needed for blood to flow through.
If the coronary arteries become blocked with too much buildup, the heart may not get enough oxygen.
Atherosclerosis: _________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5. A Heart Attack
A _________________________can happen if the heart does not get enough oxygen from the blood.
heart attack A serious condition that occurs when the blood supply to the heart slows or stops and the heart muscle is damaged.

6. A Heart Attack Symptoms of a Heart Attack for Males
Symptoms of a Heart Attack for Females
______________________________
Pain in the arms, jaw, back or abdomen
_____________________________
Shortness of breath
Cold skin
_______________________
Passing out
Similar to males, but more likely than males to experience shortness of breath, nausea, and pain in their back jaw.

7. Other Problems of the Circulatory System
Hypertension ____________________________
________________________________________
hypertension A disease in which the pressure of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels stays at a level that is higher than normal
Hypertension:
People who have hypertension can manage the condition by following a healthful eating plan, exercising regularly, avoiding stress, and taking medicine if needed.
Stroke:
Like the heart, the brain needs plenty of oxygen and nutrients to function.
If an artery leaks or develops a thick mass called a clot, blood flow to the part of the brain is interrupted, causing damage.
The effects of a stroke depend on what part of the brain is affected.
stroke A serious condition that occurs when an artery of the brain breaks or becomes blocked

8. Preventing Heart Disease
______________________
Limit cholesterol, trans fats, and saturated fats.
___________________
Participate in regular physical activity.
__________________
Eat healthful foods:
Choose plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean sources or proteins.
Limit cholesterol, trans fats, and saturated fats:
These foods are linked to cardiovascular disease.
Participate in regular physical activity:
Physical activity makes your heart stronger.
Maintain a healthy weight:
Your heart works best if your weight is within a healthy range.
Manage stress:
Stress contributes to hypertension.
Stay tobacco free:
Chemicals can cause heart disease, heart attacks, hypertension, and strokes.
Stay alcohol free:
Alcohol has been linked to high blood pressure and heart failure.
______________________
__________________

9. Treating Heart Disease
Angioplasty: ____________________________
________________________________________
angioplasty A surgical procedure in which an instrument with a tiny balloon, drill bit, or laser attached is inserted into a blocked artery to clear a blockage
With the balloon method, doctors inflate the balloon which then crushes the blockage against the artery walls. Lasers or drill bits are used to cut or burn away the blockage.

10. Treating Heart Disease
Other methods used to treat heart disease are:
_____________
Medications:
Medications can break up blood clots. Aspirin can dissolve blood clots and keep new ones from forming. Drugs that cholesterol levels also help fight heart disease.
Pacemakers:
Pacemakers and implantable defibrillators are electronic devices inside a person’s chest. A pacemaker sends out electrical signals that help the heart beat regularly.
Bypass surgery:
Bypass surgery creates new pathways for blood to flow around blockages. Surgeons can take a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body and set up a new route for blood to flow around the blockage.
Heart transplants:
Heart transplants completely replace a damaged heart with the healthy heart of someone who has just died.