Unit 1: Interactions within Ecosystems pg. 2 Chapters 1, 2, 3

Getting Started pg. 4 Ecology ◦ “eco” means “home” in Greek ◦ “ology” means “the study of” ◦ Is the study of our home  Earth which includes living things and how they interact with their surroundings.

What is an Ecosystem? Local Area : Pond, Meadow, Wetland, River, Forest, Coastline Living ThingsLocal Conditions

Chapter 1: Ecosystems pg. 6 Ecosystem ◦ Is a place that includes all the living and nonliving things ◦ Living things are called “biotic factors” ◦ Nonliving things or conditions are called “abiotic factors” ◦ Interaction exists between biotic and abiotic factors ◦ Ex: coastlines, oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, arctic, forests

1.1: Types of Ecosystems pg. 8 Organisms: - are examples of living things - are found in all ecosystems - have adaptations which are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce - have specific habitats ex. Bacteria, salmon, duck, arctic hare, fox

Ex. Arctic Hare Adaptations: ◦ Are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce. ◦ Ex. Big ears, big front teeth, strong hind legs, coat color

Habitat Is the particular place where an organism lives ◦ Ex. Arctic hare live in arctic, barrens and forests

OrganismAdaptationHabitat Moose Whale Fox Frog Balsam Fir tree Blueberry Bush Butterfly

Abiotic Factors

Sunlight

Rain

Soil

Are nonliving parts of an ecosystem

Biotic Factors Are the living parts of an ecosystem Include all the organisms present and their “niche”(role an organism plays in its ecosystem).

Organisms

Predation

Competition

Competition

Symbiosis : Commensalism

Symbiosis: Parasitism

Symbiosis: Mutualism

1.1: Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg Coastlines and Oceans 2. Freshwater rivers lakes ponds 3. Arctic 4. Forest

Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 10

1. Coastlines and Oceans Where the Atlantic Ocean meets the land Biotic factors: ◦ Organisms : seaweed, barnacles, mussels, starfish, rock crabs, fish, seals whales, jellyfish, plankton, tuckamore ◦ Niche : where does each organism live? How does it get its food? How does it affect the environment?

Burnt Island

Cape St. Mary’s

Middle Cove Beach

Touch Tank : Logy Bay

Tuckamore

Biotic Factors of Deep Ocean

Abiotic Factors of Coastlines and Oceans 1. Light and light intensity ◦ Penetrates to 200m 2. Temperature ◦ From -1C to 10 C 3. Soil ◦ Mostly rocky, some sandy beaches 4. Air and wind ◦ Air is humid, strong sea breezes, lots of fog 5. Water ◦ Lots of waves, salty, tides, currents

2. Freshwater Ecosystems Rivers, lakes ponds

Rennies Mill River, Windsor Lake, Hughs Pond

Abiotic Factors

Biotic Factors

3. Arctic

Forests Mainly coniferous trees which keep their leaves all year long Grow well in acidic soil can survive long cold winters

Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Coniferous trees Deciduous trees Moose Caribou Fox Hare Black bears Lynx Pine marten Peat Blanket bogs Cool summers Wet winters

1.2 Abiotic Parts of Ecosystem pg. 16 Range of Tolerance - range of conditions within which an organism can survive.

Precipitation and Living Organisms

Water Temperature and Turbidity

Ph of Water

Air Temperature and Plants

Temperature and Tree Growth

Wind and Tree Growth

Light and Light Intensity

Soil ph and Plants

Interactions Between Abiotic and Biotic factors: a. Abiotic – Abiotic Ex. Sunlight evaporates water b. Biotic – Abiotic Ex. Worms aerate soil c. Biotic – Biotic Ex. Insects eat plants

Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem pg. 24 Species : – refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves to produce offspring of the same type that can also reproduce successfully. ex. Moose, caribou, trout, salmon, fox, pine marten

Levels of Organization a. Individuals – one member of a specific species ex. goose b. Population – includes all the members of the same species that live together in one ecosystem at the same time. ex. Flock of geese

c. Community Includes all the populations that live together and interact with each other in the same ecosystem Ex. Geese, ducks, rabbits, moose, frogs all living next to a pond.

Niche Includes the role of a species plays in an ecosystem which includes: ◦ Where it lives ◦ How it gets food ◦ How it affects the environment ◦ How it interacts with other organisms

What is the role of the mushrooms?

What is the role of the eagle?

What is the role of each plant?