Hartsfield to SNCC

End of WWII WWII ended in August 1945 after the US dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in an effort to shorten the war.

End of WWII It is estimated that 75 million people died in the war.

SS8H10 b Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr. and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia. Standards

William B. Hartsfield Hartsfield served 6 terms as mayor of Atlanta from He served during the end of the Depression, WWII, and a large part of the Civil Rights Movement. Under his leadership, Atlanta grew in population and size. This was called urbanization—people moving from farms to cities.

William B. Hartsfield He worked with Civil Rights and supported racial integration in Atlanta. He is often called Atlanta’s “father of aviation” and the Atlanta Airport is named after him.

Ivan Allen, Jr Allen served as the mayor of Atlanta after Hartsfield. He served from , during the main part of the Civil Rights movement. He is credited with desegregating Atlanta.

Ivan Allen, Jr He ordered all of the segregation signs removed. He integrated public facilities. He worked to bring major league sports to Atlanta in the 1960’s.

Major League Sports From 1945 to the 1970’s, Atlanta became the home to several professional sports teams. Braves Baseball Falcons Football Hawks Basketball Thrashers Hockey (moved to Canada in 2011) Important figures in bringing sports to Atlanta were Ivan Allen, Ted Turner, and the Atlanta Spirit.

SS8H10 c Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall. Standards

Ellis Arnall Served as the governor of Georgia from He restored Georgia’s colleges accreditation that was revoked because of Eugene Talmadge and the Cocking Affair.

Ellis Arnall He changed the format of Georgia’s government to avoid corruption. One example—he took the prison system out of the governor’s control (remember the Bourbon Triumvirate). He adjusted the tax system, reduced the voting age, and passed a new state constitution. He also gave African Americans the right to vote in primary elections (END OF THE WHITE PRIMARY).

SS8H11 a Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag. Standards

Herman Talmadge Governor from 1948 to As Governor, and later as a US Senator, he openly tried to stop desegregation. Talmadge slowed the Civil Rights movement, as he was opposed to desegregation. (the opposite of Ellis Arnall).

Benjamin Mays African American minister, educator, scholar, and activist. President of Morehouse College. Influential in the Civil Rights movement. Believed all humans had inherent dignity. Highlighted the differences between true democracy and the racist democracy of the US.

1946 Governor’s Race Eugene Talmadge was elected for his 4 th term as governor, but died before he could take office.

1946 Governor’s Race Who would be governor? Ellis Arnall, the current governor, refused to leave until it was settled. Melvin Thompson, the lieutenant governor-elect, said he should be governor. Herman Talmadge, Eugene’s son, was supported by the Georgia legislature. Ellis Arnall Melvin Thompson Herman Talmadge

1946 Governor’s Race Arnall finally stepped aside and supported Thompson. The courts let Thompson finish the term. This whole event was called the “Three Governor’s Controversy.”

Brown v. Board of Education In 1950, seven year old Linda Brown, a black student, tried to enroll in a all-white school in Topeka, KS. She was told no. The NAACP helped to sue. The case went to the Supreme Court. In 1954, the Court said separate but equal schools were unconstitutional. This overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling. The Court ordered racial integration of schools with “all deliberate speed.”

Martin Luther King, Jr. One of the main leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. Attended Morehouse College. His career in Civil Rights began in December 1955 after the arrest of Rosa Parks.

Martin Luther King, Jr. King led and participated in marches and protests calling for equal rights for all Americans. On August 28, 1963, he gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington, DC, calling for an end to racism in the US. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968 at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, by James Earl Ray.

1956 State Flag Before 1956 After 1956Since 2003 The state flag was changed in 1956 to contain the Confederate battle flag. It is thought that this was in protest to the Brown v. Board of Education decision to integrate schools.

SS8H11 b Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Sibley Commission,… Standards

SNCC Founded in 1960 by students at Shaw University in North Carolina. The official name was the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. It encouraged students to nonviolently fight for civil rights, and it played a role in planning the 1963 March on Washington.

Sibley Commission Formed in 1960, when Georgia’s governor chose to close schools instead of following a federal order to desegregate them. Their work was to make the transition from segregation to integration easier for schools.