1. The Civil Rights Movement
Herman Talmadge
- Part of the “______ Governors Episode”
- Elected Governor in 1948 and 1950
- Well known for education improvements:
established grades 1-________
______ - month school year
various school improvements
- Served in U.S. Senate

2. Benjamin Mays Civil Rights ______________
Well known for his work while he served on the Atlanta Board of _________________________
President of Morehouse College
Important mentor to ___________ and steers him to study Gandhi (key to MLK’s non-violent approach to the movement)

3. End of the White Primary (1945)
White primaries – only allowed ___________ to vote in primary elections in GA
African Americans protested white primaries
Ended in ____________, Supreme Court determined it was unconstitutional in the King v. Chapman case.
Governor Ellis _________________, did not fight the ruling and the white primary ended in Georgia.

4. Plessy V Fergusson
-____________ – Homer Plessy targets Louisiana law causing segregation on rail cars
-Ultimately, the U.S. Supreme Court decides against Plessy stating “Separate but equal is ___________”
-Clears the way for ________________________ to allow segregation for almost 60 years until Brown v Board – A new precedent

5. Brown v Board of Education
ends segregation in ___________________
- Really marks the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement
- ______________________ precedent of Plessy v Fergusson
- U.S. Supreme court decision in this case moves beyond the classroom to virtually all areas of segregation
- ____________________ Public Schools were the first system in GA to integrate in 1961 (took 10 more years for all systems in GA to integrate)
Brown v Board of Education

6. Martin Luther King Jr. - Iconic Civil Rights Leader
- Non-violent approach modeled after ___________ & Mendela
- Led Montgomery Bus Boycott (1954)
- “I Have a ____________” speech at the March on Washington
- Assassinated, April 1968

7. 1956 GA State Flag
Georgia legislature were unhappy with the ___________________ regulations on _______________________________________, so they changed the state flag in protest.
Though the design of the pre-1956 flag was based on the first flag of the Confederate States of America, the 1956 flag was changed to include the Confederate _________________ flag, a flag that had been adopted by “hate groups” such as the KKK.

8. Confederate States
1955
1956
2003

9. Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- Represents the ‘_______________’ movement of the Civil Rights era
-Many ____________ students
-Sit-ins; protests; _________________________

10. U.S. Supreme Court: 1954 Brown v Board
The Sibley Commission
U.S. Supreme Court:
1954 Brown v Board
Georgia:
“Massive Resistance”
-spend more on ‘black’ schools
-laws to abolish public schools if needed / support private schools
-sought to force federal gov’t To change its position
U.S. Supreme Court:
-Updates Brown
-1955 “with all deliberate speed”
1960 Georgia:
Sibley Commission
-led by segregationist
-sought ways to work around federal rules and regulations
-stall tactic
-realized the importance of public schools
U.S. Government:
-1964 Civil Rights Act
(withhold money if de-segregation not followed)
1961 Georgia:
-UGA integrated
(Charlayne Gault/Hamilton Holmes)
-Atlanta schools begin
-eventually other systems follow
KEY CIVIL RIGHTS ERA LESSON:
-The COMBINATION of direct action (marches, sit ins) with FEDERAL GOVERNMENT support via judicial and legislative support equaled success

11. Charlayne Hunter Hamilton Holmes
- One of first African-Americans at ___________
- _____________________
Hamilton Holmes
-One of first African Americans to attend UGA
-_____________________
-Involved with Atlanta School System
They began classes at UGA on January 6, _________

12. Albany Movement -1961, Albany, Georgia
-SNCC and NAACP begin protests to de-segregate ‘whites only’ waiting rooms at the _________________________
-Movement quickly grows with broad-ranging efforts to de-segregate all facets of the _______________
-Movement failed since the police used non-violent tactics and jailed all participants it didn’t gain national attention
-Sometimes viewed as an MLK _________________ due to lack of focus
-Another view is that MLK learned valuable _________________ in Albany and applied them elsewhere

13. March on Washington
-The March on Washington for ___________ and ____________
-August 28, 1963
-Attended by some _______________ people
-Largest ____________________ ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage
-JFK not too excited about this protest

14. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed after JFK was assassinated
Federal ___________ that makes segregation of public facilities _________________
(restaurants, theaters, parks,
hotels, etc.)
Prohibits discrimination in _______________________
Key example of the Federal Government taking action to force states into action

15. The Voting Rights Act of 1965:
Prohibited states from imposing any voting qualification on ____________ or deny the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of _______________ or color.

16. Maynard Jackson First African American _______________ of Atlanta
Jackson served as mayor of Atlanta from and again from
Hartsfield-Jackson ______________________ named in his honor

17. Lester Maddox
Last overtly ______________________ Governor in the state’s history.
Elected Governor in 1966; Lieutenant Governor during Carter
Chased patrons from his Atlanta restaurant with an axe handle (true)
Ironically he _____________________ more African-Americans to state boards and commissions than all prior governors combined
Reformed _______________________ and integrated State _______________

18. Andrew Young - Atlanta ___________ (1981-89)
- U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations during Carter Era
- Involved in Atlanta Committee on the ____________________ Games (ACOG)
- U.S. Congressman ( )
- Civil Rights Leader (with _______________ when he was assassinated)