The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750 If they desire that Piety and godliness should prosper…let them choose a country such as this is; which may yield sufficiency with hard labour and industry The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750

The Chesapeake Colonies Maryland: Founded with the idea that it would be a haven for Catholics Act of Toleration passed in 1649, only for Christians A later protestant revolt resulted in the repeal of the Act. Virginia: Bacon’s Rebellion Highlighted sharp differences between rich and poor Also highlighted colonial resistance to royal control Economic Problems Low tobacco prices Better economic times in England led to a decrease in available indentured servants This leads to the growth of slavery

The New England Colonies Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams as a haven for religious tolerance Anne Hutchison also founded a colony in Rhode Island that espoused antinomianism, the belief that faith alone is enough for salvation Connecticut The first constitution in America was drawn up by those in Conn. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut established a representative gov. It’s royal charter allowed them the freedom to choose their own governor

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The New England Colonies The Halfway Covenant: The weakening of Puritan control led them to adopt the Halfway Covenant People could become members of the church w/o making a full declaration of their belief in Christ This was generally adopted because of the lessening interest of the colonial-born population in religious matters King Phillips’ War: The New England Confederation fought a vicious war against, Metacom, who had united the tribes in and around New England The colonists eventually prevailed and this was the last significant challenge posed by the N.A. in New England

Mercantilism: The economic system of the colonial period The colonies provided raw materials for British production The British would manufacture goods and send them back to the colonies and around the world This system allowed the British to accumulate vast wealth The Acts of Trade and Navigation Colonial ships could only trade with the British All imports into colonial America had to travel through British ports Certain goods could be exported to England ONLY

Mercantilism: Positives: NE shipbuilding Tobacco monopoly English military protection Negatives: No manufacturing Farmers receive low prices High prices for manufactured goods Salutary Neglect: The British government was very lax in enforcing the Navigation Acts This, along with the tacit British approval of colonial self-governance was known as salutary neglect

Triangular Trade Triangular trade developed between England, Africa and the New World

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The American is a new man, who acts on new principles… Colonial Society in the 18th Century

Immigration European: English German Scotch-Irish Africans: Puritan: North Anglican: South German Pennsylvania, largely Scotch-Irish Frontier portions Africans: Largest population of immigrants 90% lived in southern colonies Africans made up 20% of colonial population

Colonial Social Structure Some commonalities among all three: Dominance of English Culture Self-government Religious toleration No aristocracy Social mobility-more in the North than in the south

Colonial Economies New England: Largely dependent on shipbuilding and trade Middle Colonies: Farming and light industry (iron-making) dominated Southern Colonies: Cash crops for export dominate the economy, tobacco, rice, indigo

The Great Awakening As colonial America developed, much of the original religious fervor had died A movement swept across the colonies in the early 1700’s called the Great Awakening It was a revival of the religious ideals that had been the foundation of America It was led by “fire and brimstone” preachers like George Whitefield and Jonathon Edwards Church services became more emotional and pastors actually lost control of some of their parishes as individuals become more apt to study the bible in their homes Significantly, this was the first truly AMERICAN movement. It was not borrowed from Europe.