BLUE AND ORANGE – 1914

What makes 1450 to 1750 Different? Economic –Expansion to the New World creates a truly global trade network. –Silver trade has a massive impact on the world market –Coercive labor goes to a whole new level. –Trade relationships begin to center around Western Europe. –Plantation Economies

What makes Different? Political –Colonization of the Americas –Core – Dependent relationships –Militarization of trade –Gunpowder technology –The rise of Western Europe –China’s decision to withdraw

What makes 1450 – 1750 Different? Social –Migration patterns –Demographic changes in Africa and the New World

Rise of Western Europe State Building Empire Building Cultural Growth Religious Change – Reformation(s)

Statebuilding Ferdinand & Isabella Henry VIII

Empire Building

Reformations St. Ignatius of Loyola Martin Luther

Columbian Exchange The plants The animals The GERMS The people

Columbian Exchange

And more exchange

Spanish America vs. North America Why do mother countries matter? Why does geography matter?

Indian Ocean Changes Militarization of a once peaceful trade network Early European imperialism

Ming China Why didn’t China “discover” America? Neo-Confucianism at its best/worst

Gunpowder Empires Ottoman Safavid Mughal

Japan vs. Russia Act 1

Remember the “Enlightened Despot?”

1750 – 1914 What makes it different??? Economics: –Western dominance of trade is clear and the world becomes smaller with new technologies and transportation. –Industrialization creates huge separation between the world’s powerful countries and those that remain agricultural and “behind.” This difference is highlighted by imperialism.

1750 – 1914 What makes it different? Political: –Political revolutions – for independence or political change –The concept of the nation emerges. –Absolutism is challenged, and the idea of democracy spreads. Social: –Industrialization impacts: gender patterns and the growing middle class, but also increases the gap between the rich and poor –Labor systems change as slavery and serfdom become less prevalent.

1750 – 1914 Industrialization Why did it begin in Britain? –Agricultural change and and Enclosures –New inventions –Natural resources and transportation –Economic and political stability Where did it spread? How did industrialization look in Russia and Japan?

1750 – 1914 Industrialization – Impacts Created a gap between societies Increased need for natural resources –was a reason for imperialism –led to the dependence on cash crops among non-industrialized regions Global transportation developed to support the trade in manufactured goods and raw materials Railroads New sea lanes – Suez and Panama Canals Environmental Impacts Land use and urbanization

1750 – 1914 Industrialization - Impacts Social Impacts –Urbanization –Gender “equality” ????? –Social Classes –Labor systems –Immigration Political responses –Reform –Isms!

1750 – 1914 Political Change Sources of change: –Enlightenment Ideas –Those darn bourgeoisie Revolutions! –American –French –Haitian –Latin America –(later) China –(and Russia is getting ready!)

1750 – 1914 Revolutions What makes the American and French Revolutions different? What makes the Haitian Revolution different? What are some of the reasons revolution spread to Latin America? How did the conservative reaction to revolution impact Europe? (Congress of Vienna)

1750 – 1914 Revolution - Impacts What made the outcomes of the independence movements in North America so different from the independence movements in South America? –Political –Economic

1750 – 1914 Revolution - Limitations Women’s Rights Racial Equality? Social Equality?

1750 – 1914 Nationalism! What makes a nation different from previous types of political entities? How did nationalism create changes? –France –Italy –Germany

1750 – 1914 What’s going on in those old empires? The Russian Empire –Catherine the Great the “Enlightened Despot” –Industrialization(?), Crimean War and Reform –Marxism The “Sickly” Ottoman Empire –Economic issues –Janissaries –Young Turks Austria-Hungary? The Qing –From Kangxi to Opium – How did it happen?

1750 – 1914 Imperialism How did imperialism change over time in Africa? –Slave trade –“legitimate” trade –The Scramble How did imperialism change over time in South Asia? –The declining Mughal Empire –Company Rule (to 1857) –Direct Rule (to 1947) –Nationalism and the Indian National Congress

The Sun Never Sets

1750 – 1914 Imperialism Economic Imperialism in China –Opium Wars and Unequal Treaties –Response: Taiping and Boxer Rebellions Economic Imperialism in Latin America Japanese – Avoiding Imperialism –The Meiji Restoration The U.S. joins the fun.

19 th Century Drug Lords

The New Japan

New Revolutions (Getting into the Next Time Period) Mexico – Radical Start with a Moderate Finish Russia – Radical – Moderate – Radical China – Moderate Start with a Radical Finish

Pancho Villa Alvaro Obregon

Sun Yat-sen Mao Zedong

Vladimir Lenin Alexander Kerensky