1. Unit 4 Review

2. 1. Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by all of the following except A. Selling concessions to private companies. B. Creating colonial governments staffed solely by Europeans. C. Controlling native trade at key port cities. D. Providing lavish gifts to local rulers. E. Insisting that taxes be paid in cash crops or other European currencies.  

3. 2. The Ottoman Empire began the Tanzimat Reforms after its defeat in this war. A. Crimean War. B. Greek War for Independence. C. World War I. D. Macedonian Independence Movement. E. Napoleonic Wars.

4. 3. Land-based empires dealt with which of the following problems during the nineteenth century? A. Internal rebellion, colonization, and hyperinflation. B. A lack of financial resources, a stagnant economy, and weak governing elites. C. Military modernization, industrialization, and constant warfare. D. Limited trade, weak governing elites, and colonization. E. A stagnant economy, industrialization, and constant warfare.

5. 4. Which of the following were the major causes of Britain’s growing nineteenth-century dominance in Southeast Asia and the Pacific? A. Military victories, free trade policies, and changes in ship building technology. B. Treaty making, mercantile policy, and forced migration. C. Military victories, mercantile policy, and industrial technology. D. Free trade policies, treaty making, and changes in ship building technology. E. Mercantile policy, changes in ship building technology, and forced migration.

6. 5. The most significant effect of the Franco-Prussian War was A
5. The most significant effect of the Franco-Prussian War was A. The division of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. B. The expansion of the Russian Empire in the west. C. The growth of France. D. The rise of nationalism in the Ottoman territories. E. Lands were obtained that create modern-day Germany.

7. 6. Nineteenth century imperialism differed from earlier imperialism in which of the following ways? A. All political control was taken from local populations. B. Harsh military occupation resulted in repeated local uprisings. C. Large numbers of citizens were educated and economies modernized. D. Colonizers brought colonies to the world market as suppliers of food and raw materials and consumers of industrial products E. Most regions welcomed colonial changes and industrialism.

8. 7. The colonial wars of the eighteenth century triggered A
7. The colonial wars of the eighteenth century triggered A. Colonies wishing to form nation-states. B. Fiscal crises in Britain and France. C. The Industrial Revolution. D. The desire of limited governments. E. Religious uprisings.

9. 8. Global maritime trade in the late 19th century was stimulated by A
8. Global maritime trade in the late 19th century was stimulated by A. Greek independence. B. Political revolutions. C. The opium trade across Asia. D. The Suez Canal. E. European political and economic dominance of the Ottoman Empire.

10. 9. All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population between 1700 and 1800 except A. Decline of epidemic disease. B. Use of antibiotics. C. Introduction of American food crops. D. Expansion of land under cultivation. E. Decline in infant mortality rates.

11. 10. Which of the following was a peace settlement that safeguarded Europe’s conservative political order in the mid-nineteenth century? A. Congress of Vienna. B. Treaty of Paris. C. Concordat of D. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. E. Berlin Conference.