Home Econs E-learning for 2B You are to do a self study for Module 1 Lesson 2 - Special Diets 1.Watch the introductory video. 2. Go through the powerpoint slides. - Make your own notes in your A4 exercise book. 3. Complete your workbook pgs. 6 – 9

Click the link below to watch the introductory video. 2fHa6FBO1OY

Go through the following powerpoint slides and complete your workbook pgs 6 - 9

Students will be able to: list the nutritional needs of young children, teenagers and the elderly; discuss food suitable for them; explain factors to consider when preparing meals for them; and plan meals for young children, teenagers and the elderly. Learning Outcomes

Imagine that you need to plan and cook a meal for the people in pictures A and B. Which group requires more consideration in meal planning? Nutritional Needs B A

Young children, teenagers and elderly people all require special diets. This is because: –they are physically different; and –they have specific nutritional needs.

We refer to children less than one year old as infants and toddlers. At this age, they need food that will help them grow fast and well. Nutritional Needs of Young Children

First four months Both mother’s milk and formula milk contain all the nutrients the infant needs: – carbohydrates, – proteins, – fats, – vitamins, and – minerals. Nutritional Needs of Young Children

First four months However, mother’s milk is still best for infants because: –it contains nutrients in the right amounts; and –it provides the infant with natural immunity to fight harmful bacteria.

Nutritional Needs of Young Children Four months to one year old Milk is still essential but soft-textured and semi-solid food can be introduced. E.g. mashed banana and commercially-prepared infant food.

Nutritional Needs of Young Children One to six years old Children in this age group grow fast and are usually very active. Their need for food and nutrients is high but often, their appetites are small. Some children can be fussy eaters. Their meals need to be well- planned to include nutrient- dense food.

Offer a wide variety of food: Carbohydrates for energy Proteins for growth Water and dietary fibre for easy bowel movements Vitamin C for health Calcium and vitamin D for strong bones and teeth Nutritional Needs of Young Children

As a guide, refer to the recommended daily servings for a child. * As part of the Rice and Alternatives serving needs. # 0 – 6 months: breastmilk is recommended; 7– 12 months: breastmilk or formula milk Source: Singapore, Health Promotion Board, 2007

Nutritional Needs of Young Children When preparing meals for young children: cut food into bite-sized pieces; make meals colourful to entice them to eat; serve meals in small amounts; serve meals on plastic plates and cutlery; and serve meals at regular times.

An example of a suitable meal: Macaroni cheese with peas Papaya (cut into small cubes) A glass of milk Nutritional Needs of Young Children

13 to 19 years old Teenagers go through one of the fastest growth periods of a person’s life. Their nutritional needs change because: –physically, they experience rapid growth in bone and muscle; and –they are normally very active. During this time, they also gain independence over their eating patterns and food choices, because they take some meals away from home. Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

Busy with after-school activities, teenagers are likely to: –skip meals; –indulge in sugary or fatty snacks; and –eat often at fast food restaurants. If they have too much of foods high in fat and sugar, they can become overweight and obese. If they eat too little, they might become underweight. Encourage healthy dietary habits to prevent diet-related diseases such as diabetes and heart disease later on in life. Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

Teenagers need food for: body-building: proteins energy: carbohydrates healthy skin: vitamin C strong bones and teeth: calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D easy bowel movements: water and dietary fibre production of red blood cells: iron Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

The recommended daily servings for a teenager are as follows: * As part of the Rice and Alternatives serving needs. Source: Singapore, Health Promotion Board, 2007 Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

When preparing meals for teenagers… include sufficient proteins, vitamins and minerals; offer more fruit and vegetables use a variety of cooking methods (deep fry only occasionally) avoid making home-cooked food too oily, salty or sweet; and provide regular, balanced meals. Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

An example of a suitable meal: A plate of plain rice Sambal chicken Sayur lodeh A banana A glass of water Nutritional Needs of Teenagers

Nutritional Needs of Elderly People 60 years old and above Elderly people have weaker teeth and slower digestive systems. As they are usually less active than before, they don’t need as much carbohydrates.

Nutritional Needs of Elderly People However, they still need to eat well to prevent illnesses and maintain good health. They should also take less of oily, sweet and salty food to prevent diet-related diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and hypertension.

Nutritional Needs of Elderly People The elderly need food that will… repair body cells and tissues: proteins protect them against diseases: vitamins slow down/prevent osteoporosis: calcium and vitamin D help in bowel movements: water and dietary fibre

Nutritional Needs of Elderly People When preparing meals for the elderly, have food that is… easy to chew, swallow and digest; in small amounts; prepared using healthy methods of cooking (boiling, stewing, steaming); served with soup or water; and served attractively

An example of a suitable meal: Fish porridge (with boneless fish slices) Steamed spinach A slice of watermelon A glass of soy bean milk Nutritional Needs of Elderly People

TeenagersThe Elderly Nutritional Needs Factors To Consider Summary Special Diets Young Children

Let’s Discuss Why is the meal below not suitable for a three-year-old child? Too much Not cut into small pieces Lacks milk Lacks vegetables Not balanced Not served on plastic dishware

Credits Photograph of Pasta with Shrimp Sauce PDPhoto.org