Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

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Presentation transcript:

Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

Imperial China Collapsed Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1911) Sun Yixian (President) set up government based on democratic ideas (including people’s rights) Sun turned presidency over to Yuan Shikai (military dictator) in hopes of uniting the nation When he died (1916), civil war broke out & provincial warlords assumed power Treaty of Versailles (1919) gave control of Chinese territories (Germany) to Japan

The Communists’ Long March

Communist Party in China May Fourth Movement (protest over treaty by students) led to more support for Communist ideas After Sun Yixian died (1925), Jiang Jieshi became leader of Kuomintang (democracy & rights) Jiang joined forces with Communists (Mao Zedong) to defeat warlords, but turned on them in 1927 The Shanghai attack killed many leaders & almost wiped out the Communists Communist began Long March to escape Nationalist forces (around 8,000 survived), but Japan’s 1937 occupation of Manchuria (coal & iron ore) led to truce

Indian Nationalism Hindu Indian National Congress (1885) & Muslim League (1906) worked to end British rule Protest of Rowlatt Acts turned into Amritsar Massacre (400 dead, 1,200 wounded) Gandhi’s teachings blended many major religions Ghandhi preached nonviolence (satyagraha), boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience / Salt March After gaining self-rule from Britain, Muslims & Hindus had different ideas for India’s future

Muslims and Hindus had different ideas for India’s future and each wanted to control India.

Independence in Southwest Asia Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalists as they defeated Greece and Britain They overthrew the last Ottoman sultan and established the Republic of Turkey Persia defeated Britain and became the nation of Iran under Reza Shah Pahlavi Arabia unified as Saudi Arabia under King Saud / kept Islamic traditions, added modern technology Southwest Asian countries control 2/3 of the world’s oil supply (mostly Muslim controlled)