1. Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
“Without a revolutionary theory there cannot be a revolutionary movement.”
V. Lenin

2. Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
You say you want a revolution Well, you know We all want to change the world J. Lennon

3. Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.“ Mao Zedong

4. Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
Enduring Understandings
International conflict often leads to domestic changes.
3. In times of crisis, people often turn to strong leaders in search of stability.
4. Aggression will typically continue until it is stopped by force or the threat of force.
5. Conflicts of the 20th Century were rooted in political and ideological differences around the world.
Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
and Mao’s Peasant Base
10. Why did the Chinese Qing Empire fall to the Kuomintung of Sun Yixian? Identify similarities and differences between the fall of monarchy in China and the fall of monarchy in Russia and France.
11. Describe the ways the Kuomintung was different from the Chinese Communist Party. Why would these differences later lead to significant public support for the Communsits led by Mao Zedong?
12. Create a chart highlighting the differences and similarities between the Soviet Communists and the Chinese Communists.
13. What was the Long March and why was it important?

5. Day 6 – Collapse of Imperial China
and Mao’s Peasant Base
Review how Imperial China falls to Nationalists and Civil War – Complete page 17 to understand the events of the first part of the Chinese Civil War and the fall of Imperial China
Complete geography skills – The Long March page 18 to understand how geography can help you to understand historical events
Read page 19 to understand the connection between Mao and the Chinese peasants.
Nationalism in British India

6. Collapse of Imperial China
1. The Qing Dynasty, the last of the ruling Chinese dynasties, collapsed in 1911 under the weight of:
Causes:
foreign imperialism,
inept government,
Backward and lacking modernity
nationalism for a stronger, independent China.
Economic difficulties
Conflict among competing warlords
Effects: Republic of China under Kuomintang of Sun Yixian created
2. SunYixian gave authority to Yuan Shikai
Causes: Sun was a weak leader, the inherited bureaucracy was inept and warlords wanted power
Effects:
Yuan attempted to become a dictator – violating the democratic principles of Sun Yixian’s revolution.
Further civil war amongst warlords
Public infrastructure fell into disrepair.

7. Collapse of Imperial China
3. The May Fourth (1919) Movement: s Popular nationalist demonstrations involving workers, intellectuals, professionals, small bourgeoisie
Caused by: Outrage over Treaty of Versailles that gave parts of China to Japan
Effects:
Lots of people supported Chinese nationalism
Many young educated Chinese turned away form Western-style modernization and adopted Marxist-Leninist beliefs
Chinese Communist Party is created by 1921
4. After Sun Yixian dies 1925, Jiang Jieshi took over the Kuomintang, got support from the Soviet Union and joined forces with the Communists to unify China. By 1927, Jiang Jieshi’s army captured Shanghai
Cause: fear by Kuomintang that the Communists would take over and create a socialist system (Jiang had lots of support and friends among the wealthy)
Effects: Shanghai massacre of Communists, communists were very angry, Britain and US recognizes Jiang’s Republic of China.
beginning the first Chinese Civil War in Shanghai

8. Collapse of Imperial China
The Long March: Oct 1934 – Oct 1935
Causes – Communists were attacked by Kuomintang and had to retreat to save themselves
Effects – Mao Zedong became the acknowledged leader of the Communist party,
The communists became a very disciplined party
More and more peasants supported the communists
Communists paid for produce they took
Redistributed land to poor peasants
Did not participate in corruption like Jiang’s Kuomintang.
Japan invaded Manchuria (northeastern part of China)
Causes –
Japan wanted natural resources,
Japanese imperialism,
China was weak and almost defenseless
Effects – Japan invaded rest of China 1937 so the China civil war stopped – 2nd United Front to save China from Japan – hundreds of thousands of Chinese die, farmland destroyed

9. Post Dynasty Leaders of China
Jiang Jieshi
Sun Yixian
Mao Zedong

10. The Long March

11. Mao Zedong
The Nationalist were winning the war until the second Sino-Japanese war broke out, actually the start of WWII in Asia. Mao approaches the Nationalists and proposes a cease fire and for the two sides to join in the fight against Japan. Good Plan. Mao receives aid from the USA. During the era of WWII the communist party in China grew considerably. At the conclusion of WWII, the Communist and the Nationalist resumed their civil war. The Communist eventually prevailed, paving the way for the creation of a Communist China.

12. Day 6 – Nationalism in India and SW Asia
Enduring Understandings
International conflict often leads to domestic changes.
3. In times of crisis, people often turn to strong leaders in search of stability.
5. Conflicts of the 20th Century were rooted in political and ideological differences around the world.
Day 6 – Nationalism in India and SW Asia
14. How does WWI help propel Indian Nationalists to work for independence?
15. How is Gandhi’s satyagraha (civil disobedience) different from the Russian Revolution and the Chinese Civil War as a means to achieve political change? Which method is better? Explain why.
16. Describe the movements for independence in Arabia, Iran and Turkey. How do these compare to India, China and Russia?
Complete page 20 about the rise of Indian and other nationalism.
Read and annotate p 21 by Gandhi

13. Gandhi
Gandhi was the preeminent political and spiritual leader of the Indian Independence movement. Gandhi led the campaign to rid India of British rule.
He relied on peaceful methods to achieve his goals. His trademark approach to protest was known as Satyagraha- “Force Born of Truth” leading to “resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience firmly founded on Non- Violence”.
Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for achieving many goals:
easing poverty,
expanding women's rights,
building religious and ethnic amity
increasing economic self-reliance,
but above all the INC worked tirelessly for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from foreign domination.

14. Gandhi
Growth of Indian Nationalism catapults Gandhi to the forefront of the Indian Independence Movement. Key events cause Indian unity and anger towards British: 2. WWI- unfulfilled promise of Freedom after many Indians fought in Europe for Britain and with Wilson’s 14 points promising self-determination. 3. Rowlatt Act- Prison for protestors up to 2 years for with no trial. Resulted in violent protests because it denied fundamental civil right of jury trial 4. Amristar Massacre- 10,000 Indians come to protest, unaware that it is illegal. Brits think the crowd has gathered as a defiant act, open fire- kill 400, wound 1,200. Led to millions of Indians shifting allegiance from Britain to becoming Indian nationalists. 5. Campaign of satyagraha “civil disobedience” Indians revolt through mass, non-violent means including economic boycott such as making one’s own thread, fabric and clothing. 6. Gandhi’s most memorable protest was known as the “Salt March”. In 1930 a march was held to defy the Salt Acts which required Indians to buy salt only from government and pay tax to government. 230 mile march to the Sea to make own salt. 60,000 people put in Jail.

15. Gandhi

16. Gandhi

17. Gandhi
Gandhi’s efforts result initially in the Government of India Act of 1935, which establishes “Self Rule” for India. Not full independence. India would remain part of the British Empire as a “Dominion of the Crown” until January 26, 1950.

18. Turkey gains becomes a Republic (sorta)
During a time of civil unrest Ottoman Empire had a weak Sultan (remember from the time of Suleiman the Magnificent rulers would kill their best sons to prevent the sons from overthrowing them – leading to increasingly inept rulers.)
After WWI in 1919 the Sultan was unable to deal with a Greek invasion.
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk), a military officer, led the defense of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) then leads a revolution against the Sultan
The Republic of Turkey is created in 1923
Elected legislature
Freedom of Religion (Islam is removed from connection to state)
European-style courts
Government funded industrialization and education

19. Persia becomes Iran
After WWI, Britain tries to take over political and economic control of Persia.
Like Ataturk in Turkey, Reza Khan, an army officer, leads a revolt
Reza Khan crowns himself Shah Reza Pahlavi
The new Shah also creates a legislature (Majlis) but all power remains in his hands.
Modernizes Iran’s
Schools
Roads
Industries
Transportation
economy

20. Saudi Arabia is created
Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud is the patriarch of a powerful Arab family
During WWI he negotiates with the British (who had imperialized all of Arab and many Muslim lands)
Saud unites many Arab clans, and in 1932 creates the country, Kingdom, of Saudi Arabia
It has lots of oil
Governed according to Islamic Law