3 – cold war spreads to Asia China, Korea, Vietnam

Preview of Events 1946 October 1949 September 1949 June 1950 French-Vietminh War begins People’s Republic of china established Soviets enter Nuclear Arms race Korean War begins

Civil War and Revolution in China REVIEW: #41 1920s – Mao Zedong leads communist forces Against Chiang Kai Shek – leader of China’s Nationalist gov’t During WWII – set aside civil war to resist Japanese occupation End WWII – Civil war continues Mao makes great gains – still doesn’t succeed

Civil War and Revolution in China cont. Mid-1940s – US sends $2 billion in aid to Nationalists Money was wasted b/c of poor military planning and corruption By 1949 – US discontinued aid to Chinese Nationalists October 1949 – Communists win = establishes People’s Republic of China Nationalist leaders flee to Taiwan (AKA Formosa)

After The Fall of China America shocked by China’s fall to communism REVIEW: #11 America shocked by China’s fall to communism September 1949 Soviets announce successful atomic bomb test Soviets enter Nuclear Arms Race Early 1950s People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union sign treaty Friendship and Alliance Western leaders fear that China and Soviet Union support communist revolutions in other nations US kept formal relations with Nationalists US used veto powers to keep New Communist China out of UN

After Fall of China cont. REVIEW: #36 Chinese revolution brought significant change in American policy toward Japan at end of WWII Douglas MacArthur took charge of Japan – introduce democracy After loss of China  moved towards rapid recovery of Japan’s industrial economy Japan = key to defend Asia West Germany = Key to defend Europe

Beginning of Korean War End of WWII  US and USSR forces enter Korea to disarm Japanese troops Allies divide Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude North Korea South Korea Controlled by Soviets Communist Korean government American troops stationed American-backed government

Beginning of Korean War cont. REVIEW: #20 Problems Both governments claimed authority Border clashes were common Soviets gave North Koreans military aid  quickly built large, well equipped army June 20, 1950 = North Korean troops invade south

UN Intervenes REVIEW: #21 Truman  saw North Korean invasion as test of containment policy Ordered US naval and air power into action Truman called UN to act Call was successful because Soviet delegates were boycotting the security council over policy on China  not present to veto American proposal General Douglas MacArthur was ordered to send troops from Japan to Korea US troops and South Korean troops able to resist Korean onslaught at Pusan Perimeter = bought time for MacArthur I’m coming!

Attacks on North Korea September 15, 1950 MacArthur ordered an invasion behind enemy lines of Inchon = took North Koreans by surprise Within weeks  North Koreans full retreat across 38th Truman ordered to pursue beyond 38th MacArthur pushes North Koreans to Yalu River

China Enters the War Communist Chinese feared advancing UN troops Warned forces to halt = was ignored November 1950 – China launch massive attack across Yalu River 100,000 Chinese troops flooded  drove UN forces back MacArthur was angry, wanted approval to expand war against China  asked to blockade Chinese ports, use Nationalist forces, and use the atomic bomb

Truman Fires MacArthur REVIEW: #36 Truman refuses MacArthur’s demands MacArthur persisted  publicly criticized president Truman wanted to show that president was in charge April 1951 – Fires MacArthur for insubordination MacArthur remained popular – returned a hero

Changes in Truman’s Policy REVIEW: #22 Matthew Ridgway replaces MacArthur By mid-1951 UN forces push Chinese and North Korean forces back across 38th parallel War settled down – still small battles November 1951 – peace negotiations began, but war did not end Beginning of Korean War marked important turning point in the Cold War Before Korean War After Korean War US preferred political pressure US focused on Europe in containing communism Cold War expanded in Asia US became militarily involved in Asia

Intro to First Indochina War REVIEW: #38, 23 French Occupation – Early 17th century French colonization Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos = French Indochina Early 1990s Nationalism became a powerful force in Vietnam Several political parties formed to push for independence or reform the French colonial government Ho Chi Minh One of the nationalist leaders At 21  sailed for Europe Visited Soviet Union  found communism

Intro to First Indochina War REVIEW: #25 1930 Returned to SE Asia and founded Indochinese communist party = worked to overthrow French Became a wanted man fled and spent years exiled in Soviet Union and China 1941 Returned to Japanese occupied Vietnam Ho Chi Minh organized nationalist group called Vietminh Group united communists and non-communists to fight Japanese US began sending military aid to Vietminh

Intro to First Indochina War cont. August 1945 Japanese surrendered control of Indochina Ho Chi Minh announced that Vietnam was an independent nation Created a Declaration of Independence = similar to American Declaration of Independence French refused to see Vietnam become independent  wanted to regain colonial empire in SE Asia 1946 French troops returned to Vietnam and pushed Vietminh forces into hiding in countryside 1949 French officials set up new government in Vietnam Vietminh fought back Fighting escalated = France asked US for aid

Intro to First Indochinese war REVIEW: #26 Truman administration United States was in difficult position Was opposed of colonialism Also opposed of Vietnam’s independence movement due to ties with communist movement 2 events convinced Truman to help France Fall of China to communism Outbreak of Korean War

Causes and Effects of the Cold War Marshall Plan provides aid to Western Europe Western nations form NATO; Communist nations form Warsaw Pact Korean War erupts American and Soviet arms race begins Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in US CAUSES Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after WWII Chinese Communists win control of China US and Soviet Union explode atomic bomb