1. Chapter 21 Section 2

2.  The Allies divided Korea at the 38 th parallel of latitude  Soviet controlled the north; U.S. controlled the south  As the CoW began, talks to reunify Korea broke down  A Communist Korean gov’t was organized in the north  U.S.-backed gov’t controlled the south  Both gov’ts claimed authority over all of Korea  6/25/1950, North Korean troops invaded into the south, rapidly driving back the poorly equipped South Korean forces

3.  Truman saw the Communist invasion of South Korea as a test of the containment policy & ordered U.S. military into action  He then called on the UN to act  Truman succeeded because the USSR delegate was boycotting the Security Council over its China policy & was not present of UN troops  Truman ordered Gen. MacArthur to send U.S. troops from Japan to the Korean peninsula

4.  The U.S. & South Korean troops were driven back into a small pocket of territory near the port of Pusan  Inside the “Pusan perimeter,” the troops stubbornly resisted the North Korean onslaught, buying time for MacArthur to organize reinforcements  9/15, MacArthur ordered a daring invasion behind enemy lines at the port of Inchon  W/i weeks they were in full retreat back across the 38 th parallel  Truman then gave the order to pursue the North Koreans beyond the 38 th parallel  MacArthur pushed the North Koreans north to the Yalu River at the border of China

5.  The Communist Chinese gov’t saw the advancing UN troops as a threat & warned the forces to halt their advance  10/1950, China launched a massive attack across the Yalu R.  100,000s of Chinese troops came across the border, driving the UN Forces back across the 38 th parallel  An angry MacArthur demanded approval to expand the war against China  MacArthur asked for:  blockade of Chinese ports  the use of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist forces  bombing of Chinese cities with atomic weapons

6.  Truman refused MacArthur’s demands because he didn’t want to expand the war into China or to see the atomic bomb used  MacArthur persisted. He publicly criticized the president, saying “There is no substitute for victory.”  4/1951, Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination  MacArthur, who remained popular despite being fired, returned home to parades and a hero’s welcome  Truman remained committed to limited war - a war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism

7.  Truman chose Gen. Matthew Ridgway to replace MacArthur  mid-1951, the UN forces had pushed the Chinese & North Korean forces back across the 38 th parallel  The war then settled down into a series of relatively small battles over hills & other local objectives  11/1951, peace negotiations began, but an armistice would not be signed until 7/1953  More than 33,600 American soldiers died in action in the Korean War

8.  The Korean War marked an important turning point in the Cold War  Until 1950 the U.S. had preferred to use political pressure & economic aid to contain communism.  After the Korean War began, the U.S. embarked on a major military buildup  Before 1950 the U.S. had focused on Europe as the most important area in which to contain communism  After the Korean War began, the U.S. became more militarily involved in Asia

9.  TAKE OUT A FULL, SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER  NUMBER 1-5

10. 1. The Allies divided Korea here? 2. Name one thing MacArthur ask for from Truman? 3. Why was MacArthur fired? 4. Who replaced MacArthur? 5. Until 1950 the U.S. had preferred to use these 2 things to contain communism?