Bell Work Tuesday 3/25 Look in your book beginning on page 681 and begin reading to find the answers 1. How was Spanish colonial society structured? 2. How did the Haitian Revolution differ from other revolutions in Latin America? 3.) Which group led the quest for Mexican independence?

Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West Chapter 24

Section 1-Latin American People Win Independence

Central and South America

Colonial Society Divided In Latin American society, class dictated people’s place in society – Peninsulares–Spaniards born on the Iberian peninsula, they were the only ones able to hold high office in the colonial government – Creoles-Spaniards born in Latin America Could not hold high-level office but could rise in rank in the army – Mestizos-People of mixed European and Indian ancestry – Mulattos-People of European and African ancestry

Revolutions in America Revolution in Haiti- – Saint Domingue (Haiti) was the 1 st Latin territory to free itself from European rule Toussaint L’Ouverture led the revolution until he was sent to a French prison Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared them independent on January 1, 1804 – Haiti means “mountainous land”

Creoles Lead Independence Creoles- – Least oppressed of those in Latin American and the best educated Brought ideas of the enlightenment back from Europe The South American Wars of independence rested on the achievements of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

Creoles Lead Independence Simon Bolivar – August 1819-Bolivar led 2,000 soldiers through the Andes and won a surprise victory – 1821-Bolivar won Venezuela’s independence and marched into Ecuador where he met San Martin Jose de San Martin – 1817-San Martin helped free Chile Gran Colombia-The future countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador united to form one country

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Miguel Hidalgo- – A priest from Dolores who took the first step towards Mexico’s independence Poor but well educated man who supported the enlightenment Sept. 16 th, 1810-Hidalgo rang the bells from his church and called for the rebellion – He and his 80,000 man army were defeated

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Mexico’s Independence- – 1820-Mexico’s creoles feared the loss of their privileges They united in their support of Mexico’s independence and in 1821gained it Central America’s Independence- – 1823-Central America declared their independence from Mexico, taking the name the United Provinces of Central America

Brazil’s Royal Liberator Brazil’s Quest for Independence- – Brazil declared their independence without blood shed They also had help from Portugal's royal family – ,000 Brazilians signed a petition to have Dom Pedro rule Brazil He agreed and Brazil received their independence

Bell Work Wednesday 4/01 Look in your book beginning on page 687 and begin reading to find the answers 1. How do Radical ideas differ from Liberal ideas? 2. Why did France’s Third Republic fail? 3. What was the driving force behind Russia’s industrial expansion?

SSR + Log Wednesday 3/26 Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen ready for SSR

SSR + Log Wednesday 3/26 Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates. When you receive your SSR Meta-cognitive log please read the directions and select and circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity

Section 2-Europe Faces Revolution

Clash of Philosophies Conservative-Argued for the protection of the traditional monarchies – Usually made up of wealthy land owners Liberal-Wanted to give more power to elect parliament (only landowners could vote) – Made up of middle-class business leaders and merchants Radical-Favored drastic changes to extend democracy to all people – Believed that gov. should practice liberty, equality and brotherhood

Nationalism Develops Nationalism-A belief that a persons greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture and history, not to a king – Most who supported this were liberals or radicals Nation-State-A nation with it’s own independent government – In 1815 only France, England and Spain could be considered nation states

Nationalists Challenge Conservative Power Greeks Gain Independence- – 1 st people to win self-rule from the Ottoman Empire 1827 France, Britain and Russia helped the Greeks defeat the Ottomans in the Battle of Navarino 1830 France, Britain and Russia signed a treaty guaranteeing the independent kingdom of Greece

Radicals Change France The Third Republic- – After Louis-Philippe was removed from power in 1848 the new republican gov. was split into factions One side wanted political reform the other social and economic – Dec 1848-Louis-Napoleon was elected president He rebuilt roads, encouraged industrialization, and ambitious public works programs

Reform in Russia Defeat Brings Change- – As the 1850’s approached Russia still was behind industrially Alexander II moved the country towards modernization and social change – He felt this would allow Russia to compete as a world power Reform and Reaction- – Alexander II abolished serfdom in 1861 Gave nobles half the land yet made the serfs buy theirs – Nationalism under Alexander III encouraged industrial development of Russia

Chapter 24-Section 1 Terms

Chapter 24-Section 2 Terms

Bell Work Thursday 4/02 Look in your book beginning on page 692 and begin reading to find the answers 1. Which aging empires suffered from the forces of nationalism? 2. What role did Garibaldi play in the unification of Italy? 3. What advantages did Prussia have in leading the German states to unification?

Section 3-Nationalism

Case Study: Italy Cavour Unites Italy Cavour Leads Italy to Independence – Camillo di Cavour- Prime Minister of Sardinia Felt that the only obstacle to annexing Northern Italy was Austria – 1858 Napoleon III agreed to help, and Sardinia conquered all of Italy except the city of Venetia.

Case Study: Italy Cavour Unites Italy Garibaldi Brings Unity- – Giuseppe Garibaldi- May 1860, led a small group of fighter and captured Sicily Always wore bright red shirts into battle so they were nicknamed the “Redshirts” – Between 1870 and 1886 Italian forces took control of Venice and the Papal states The addition of Rome completed the assembly of the united kingdoms of Italy

Case Study: Germany Bismarck Unites Germany German states united to form the German Confederation – Although Austria dominated the confederation Prussia was ready to unify them Bismarck Takes Control- – Otto von Bismarck serves as the prime minister of Germany and was considered master of realpolitik ( meaning politics of reality)

Case Study: Germany Bismarck Unites Germany The Franco-Prussian War – – Bismarck reasoned that war with an outside force could rally the support of Southern Catholics in Germany towards protestant Prussia He gave the impression that the French ambassador insulted the Prussian King – France in turn declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870 » Hunger forced the Parisians (citizens in Paris France) to surrender

Case Study: Germany Bismarck Unites Germany The Franco-Prussian War was the last step in German unification Jan 18 th, 1871King William I of Prussia was crowned Kaiser (Means emperor) – Germans called the empire the Second Reich

Thinking Map-Chapter 24 Sections 1-3 Tree Map-Chapter 24 Section 1 and 2 Terms Bubble Map-Nation States in Europe by 1815 Brace Map-Louis-Napoleons Accomplishments as President Circle Map-The Four Countries that Formed Gran Columbia

Chapter 24 Section 1-3 Quiz Review