1. Nationalist Revolution Sweep the West, 1789-1900
Chapter 24

2. Latin America Peoples Win Independence
Ch. 24, Section 1

3. Toussaint L’Ouverture
Creoles
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Miguel Hidalgo

4. Write the names of each class in the correct box; add the percentages of the population that makes up each group. Write a brief description of each group.
Peninsulares- At the top of Spanish American society
Creoles- Who would belong to this class? #43
Mestizos- Term used to descibe people of mixed European and Indian ancestry
Mulattos- Term used to descibe people of mixed European and African ancestry
Africans
Indians

5. Toussaint L’Ouverture
Led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the island of Hispaniola
(too-SAN-L

6. Creoles
Spearheaded the independence movement in Latin America

7. Why do you think that Latin-American-born Spaniards, a group that suffered far less oppression than other groups, would be the group to lead the revolution against Spain?

8. Simon Bolivar The Liberator
Led his forces against the Spanish army in the Battle of Ayacucho
The last major battle in the Spanish colonies’ war for independence

9. Jose de San Martin
Military officer who liberated parts of Spanish-speaking South America
Won independence for Argentina and Chile
Gave up command of his army afterwards

10. Miguel Hidalgo Priest Issued Grito de Dolores
Called for a peasant rebellion in Mexico
Led the independence movement in Mexico

11. Compare and contrast the liberation movements in Mexico and Brazil
Compare and contrast the liberation movements in Mexico and Brazil. #’s 23 & 44

12. Europe Faces Revolution
Section 2

13. Schools of political thought
Nationalism
Nation-State
Balkans
Louis-Napoleon
Alexander II

14. Schools of political thought
Conservative
Wealthy property owners and nobility
Argued for protecting traditional monarchies in Europe
Liberal
Middle-class business leaders and merchants
Wanted to give more power to elected parliments
Only the educated and landowners could vote
Radical
Wanted drastic change
Thought that government should practice the ideals of the French Revolution

15. Nationalism
The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history

16. Nation-State
An independent geographical unit of people having a common culture and identity.

17. Balkans The region of southeastern Europe
Now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia

18. Louis-Napoleon Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte
Took the title of Emperor Napoleon III

19. Alexander II Son of Czar Nicholas I
Moved Russia towards modernization and social change

20. Nationalism
Section 3

21. Empires that suffered from nationalism
Junkers
Otto von Bismarck
Realpolitik

22. Empires that suffered from nationalism
Austria
Russia
Russification
The process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire

23. Fill in the flow chart that describes the unification of Italy.

24. Describe the steps taken in the unification of Russia.

25. Junkers
Strongly conservative members of Prussia’s wealthy landowning class

26. Otto von Bismarck
Prime minister of Prussia
Conservative Junker

27. Realpolitik “The politics of reality”
Describes tough power politics with no room for individualism

28. Revolutions in the Arts
Section 4

29. Romanticism
Emotion
Realism
Impressionism
Impressionist painters

30. Romanticism
An early 19th-century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society.
In the early 1800s, the Enlightenment gradually gave way to another movement, called romanticism. This movement in art and ideas focused on nature and on the thoughts and feelings of individuals. Gone was the idea that reason and order were good things. Romantic thinkers valued feeling, not reason, and nature, not society. Romantic thinkers held idealized views of the past as simpler, better times.

31. Emotion Key element of romanticism
They valued the common people. As a result, they enjoyed folk stories, songs, and traditions. They also supported calls for democracy. However, not all romantic artists and thinkers supported all of these ideas. Romantic writers had different themes. During the first half of the 19th century, the Grimm brothers collected German folk tales. They also created
a German dictionary and worked on German grammar. These works celebrated being German long before there was a united German nation. Other writers wrote about strong individuals. Some wrote about beauty and nature.
Germany produced one of the greatest early Romantic writers. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther. It was a story about a young man who kills himself after he falls in love with a married woman. British Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge honored nature as the source of truth and beauty. A type of horror story called a Gothic novel became popular. Novels such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein were tales about good and evil. Romanticism was important in music as well. Composers wrote music to appeal to the hearts and souls of listeners. Ludwig van Beethoven, a German, was the foremost of these composers. Romanticism made music a popular art form.

32. Realism
19th-century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
In the middle 1800s, the grim realities of industrial life made the dreams of romanticism seem silly. A new movement arose—realism. Artists and writers tried to show life as it really was. They used their art to protest unfair social conditions. French
writer Emile Zola’s books revealed harsh working conditions for the poor. They led to new laws aimed at helping those people. In England, Charles Dickens wrote many novels that showed how poor people suffered in the new industrial economy. A new device, the camera, was developed in this period. Photographers used cameras to capture realistic images on film.

33. Romanticism vs. Realism
Similarities
Differences
Pg 701

34. Impressionism
A movement in 19th-century painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time
In the 1860s, Parisian painters reacted against the realistic style. This new art style—impressionism— used light and light-filled colors to produce an impression of a subject or moment in time. Impressionist artists like Claude Monet and Pierre- Auguste Renoir glorified the delights of the life of the rising middle class in their paintings. Composers created music that set a mood by using
different music structures, instruments, or patterns.

35. Impressionist painters
Goal
To show a moment in time at a glance

36. Nationalism
How did nationalism influence the artistic art movement s we discussed?
Pg 701