In Class this Week World History  Monday- No School- Labor Day  Tuesday- Review Formative, Enlightenment Philosopher Mini-Lesson  Wednesday- Test Review Game  Thursday- Foundations of Democracy Unit Test  Friday- Return Tests, Debrief and Evaluate Foundations of Democracy Unit

Homework World History  Notes on Historical Figures- Handout 1.2F (due Thursday at time of Test)  Study for Test (Thursday 9-6)  All Late, missing, incomplete work due on Thursday at the time of the test.  Check Aeries- Assignments are posted

In Class this Week US History  Monday- No class- Labor Day  Tuesday- Go over quiz; Bill of Rights Ranking Activity and Project Introduction  Wed. and Thursday- Work on your Bill of Rights Project (Due Thursday)  Friday- Unit One Test- Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights

Quickwrite  Which philosopher do you agree with the most? Explain. Be sure to explain what this philosopher believed and contrast his/her beliefs with at least one other philosopher.

Plato Background  Born in Greece in 428 B.C.  Close friend and student of Socrates (philosopher)  Studied philosophy, math, and government

Plato Beliefs  Individuals have strengths that can benefit society.  Role determined by talent- meritocracy  Education essential to good citizenship because educated seek wisdom and justice rather than wealth and power. Ideal Government  Democracy is “mob rule” by ignorant people.  Monarchy (autocracy) is also dangerous because erodes to tyranny.  Ideally, power and wisdom must be united in same person (recommend philosopher-kings)

General Facts  B.C.E.  Born in Stagira, a small town on the northeast coast of Thrace  Father was physician to king of Macedonia  Traveled widely after Plato’s death & ended up in Macedonia where he served as Alexander the Great’s tutor  Returned to Athens in 335 to found his own academy, Lyceum

Aristotle Beliefs  People are not born good but learn to be good through education and membership in society.  Philosophers should be independent spirits- beyond trivia of politics.  Everyone educated and participate for the good of society. Ideal Form of Government  Monarchy would be great if the monarch could be trusted (but they can’t)  Democracy is least dangerous, but most people spend their time working.  The best form of government would be an aristocracy, made up of educated members of the middle class.

Jean Jacque Rousseau Background  Born in Geneva Switz. In 1712  Unstable Childhood Beliefs  People are born in a state of nature (good, independent).  In nature people live happily.  Society leads to competition and corruption.

Jean Jacque Rousseau Politics  Believes in direct democracy, people directly involved in government (Like Geneva, Switz.)  Anything but Direct Democracy leads to corruption.  Officers/administrators of gov. could administer will of people.

Baron de Montesquieu Background  Born Charles Louis de Secondat in Bordeaux France in  Although wealthy, he was placed in the care of a poor family.  Later lived with uncle and assumed his title- Baron de Montesquieu

Baron de Montesquieu Beliefs  Religious conflict threatened stability.  NOT Atheism but religious tolerance. Politics/Government  He believed a monarchy with shared powers was the best form of government.  There should be a balance of power between different branches of gov.  Too much power in one person or branch leads to corruption and abuse.

Mary Wollstonecraft  Believed women and men deserved the same rights and the same opportunities.  The ideal from of government would be a form of democracy in which branches shared power.

Elizabeth I  Believed that her subjects were her “children.”  People had place in society.  The ideal form of government was a monarchy; she shared power with parliament (sometimes reluctantly).

Thomas Hobbes  Enlightened philosopher.  Social Contract Theory- Because people are selfish, they must give up some freedom in order to live safely and thrive.  Ideal from of government is a monarchy that serves the public interest.

John Locke  Human beings are able to reason.  Social Contract Theory- Government is relationship between people and government.  Best form of government is a representative democracy with shared powers (branches).  People have right to “life, liberty and property” and may revolt in certain situations.

Louis XIV  The Sun King  Believed in the Divine Right of Kings.  The best form of government is a powerful monarchy.