Cells In Living Things Unit Cell Theory’s 3 Parts 1.All living things are composed of cells. 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function. 3.New cells are produced from existing cells. Scheildan, Schwann,and Virchow

Basic Cell Structure There are many differences between cells. Cells have different shapes & functions ALL cells have the following: cell membrane & cytoplasm Stem Cells

2 Types of Cells Prokaryotes Usually smaller Have cell membrane and cytoplasm No nuclei (nucleus) Ex. All bacteria E. Coli No membrane bound organelles

E coli Salmonella

2 Types of Cells Eukaryotes Usually bigger Have cell membrane and cytoplasm Do contain a nuclei (nucleus) Ex. Animals, humans & plants Have membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

What types of cells are these?

3 Types of Cell Movement Flagellum Long whip-like structure that is used for movement. Ex. sperm

3 Types of Cell Movement Cilium- Short hair-like projections, that are used for movement.

3 Types of Cell Movement Pseudopods Temporary projections of cytoplasm Ex. Amoebas

Cilia? Flagellum? Or Psuedopods?

Cell Organelles (Mini “organs” inside a cell) Cytoplasm Gel-like substance Ex. Fruit + Jell-O Organelles Cytoplasm

Cell Parts Nucleus = “Brain” Control Center

Cell Parts Cell Membrane = “Skin” All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. A thin layer of lipid & protein that separatesthe cells contents from the outside environment. Made up of a phospholipid bi- layer Head = hydrophilic = water loving Tail = hydrophobic = water hating

Cell Parts Cell Wall – Provides support and protection for PLANT cells Only in plant cells Chloroplast – Organelle that captures the energy from sun- light and converts it into chemicalenergy Found in plant cells only

Cell Parts Centriole – Helps organize cell division /reproduction Vacuole – Sac-like structures which store materials such as H2O, salt, and other organic molecules Larger vacuoles = plants Smaller vacuoles = animals

Cell Parts Mitochondria – Power house of cell Converts chemical energy from food into compounds easier for the cell to use ATP (adenine triphosphate) Ribosomes – Makes proteins Located in the cytoplasm “free” Also located on the RER

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum “ER” / “SER – Smooth = no ribosomes Makes lipids & carbohydrates Makes poisons, waste & other toxic chemical harmless Helps transport materials through the cell

2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum “RER” – Rough = ribosomes Makes proteins & modifies proteins

Cell Parts Lysosomes – Food particles are digested by enzymes Old organelles are decomposed Old organelles go through absorption (meaning they are absorbed into the cell to be recycled.) Filled with enzymes

Cell Parts Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex – Made proteins are sent to their final destinations or out of the cell