Put these in the correct order. Order Class Species Genus Phylum Kingdom Family

Classification of Living Organisms

_______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms TAXONOMY

Early Taxonomist Aristotle Linnaeus

The first person to group or classify organisms was the Greek teacher & philosopher _______________ more than 2000 years ago. (300 B.C.) ARISTOTLE Image from:

Aristotle ’ s Classification - Two groups - Plants - based on size - Herbs - Shrubs - Trees - Animals – where they lived - Land - Air - Water

Common names can vary Example: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar... are all names for same animal Image from: By using a universally accepted scientific name, scientists can be sure they are discussing the same organism

Common names vary Chipmunk Streifenhornchen (German) Tamia (Italian) Ardilla listada (Spanish) Image from:

Common names can be misleading Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal! Ex: A jellyFISH isn’t a fish, but a seaHORSE is! Image from: Image from:

By mid 19 th century, scientists recognized that using common names was confusing. Scientists agreed to use ____________ to give a single name to each species. Latin and Greek

Linnaeus ’ s System Based on physical and structural similarities Developed the two word system of naming organisms Binomial Nomenclature First word = Genus Second word = Species

Linnaeus ’ s System Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy of 7 different taxonomic levels OR ____________ Each organism has a two part scientific name = _________________________ TAXONS BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

Modern Classification System Based on Evolutionary relationships DNA comparisons Physiological comparisons (biochemistry) Anatomic comparisons (structure) Breeding behaviors

Taxonomic Rankings Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Most Specific Scientific Name The more taxonomic rankings two organisms have in common the more alike those organisms are.

King Phillip came over from great Spain. Keep people close or fights get started. Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach What has been added in the recent years that is missing?

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera leo

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2-name naming system) 1 st name = _______________ –Always capitalized 2 nd name = _________________ –Always lower case Both names are ______________ or written in ____________. GENUS NAME SPECIES NAME UNDERLINED ITALICS

GENUS = group of closely related species GENUS = Ursus (Includes many kinds of bears) SPECIES = unique to each kind of bear Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus Ursus americanis

Binomial nomenclature Humans Homo sapiens Image from:

Grizzly Bear Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Ursidae Ursus arctos Polar Bear Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Ursidae Ursus maritimus Bobcat Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Lynx rufus Red Fox Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Vulpes vulpes White Tail Deer Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artiodactyla Cervidae Odocoileus virginianus Which two organisms are the most closely related?

Cladograms Used to show the evolutionary relationships of derived characteristics Derived Characteristics – appear in recent organisms but not older organisms

Dorsal and Ventral nerve cord Lamprey Backbone Tuna Paired Legs Bull Frog Amnion Snapping Turtle Mammary Glands Kangaroo

The Three Domains Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista

Characteristics of Living Things Organization Reproduction Adaptation Growth and Development Response Homeostasis In order to be classified organism must be alive

Why Viruses are not Classified DNA surrounded by protein coat: Viruses are not living no reproduction

The Prokaryotes Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotes - true bacteria Found everywhere Kingdom Archeabacteria Prokaryotes – ancient bacteria Found in hot springs, sulfur springs, salt lakes, inhospitable places

The Eukaryotes Kingdom ProtistaProtista Most diverse kingdom Mostly microscopic Most Unicellular Lacks a complex organ system May be autotrophic or heterotrophic

Eukaryotes con ’ t Kingdom FungiFungi Heterotrophs May be multicellular or unicellular Absorbs nutrients from organic material in the environment

Eukaryotes con ’ t Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotes con ’ t Kingdom Animalia